# Board of directors

`kaal:entity:board-of-directors`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 4 claims that carry the concept tag `board-of-directors`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

4 claims across 1 works, 2017 to 2017.

**2017**

- [2922176-017](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-017) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Code guidance assigning the board responsibility for long-term value creation, as in the 2016 Dutch Corporate Governance Code, is difficult to implement because neither long-term value nor the intended beneficiary of that value is defined.
  > Implementation of such code guidance is rather difficult in practice as definitions of long-term value, and the beneficiary of the value creation, are unclear.
  Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176
- [2922176-030](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-030) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- The monitoring and advising roles of the board are no longer sufficient, and a board confined to those roles is a missed opportunity to obtain unmediated and relevant market feedback on company initiatives.
  > Successful companies recognize that the monitoring and advising role of the board is no longer sufficient and that the board of directors in many ways may constitute a missed opportunity for receiving feedback on company initiatives, e.g., unmediated and relevant input from the market.
  Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176
- [2922176-031](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-031) [definitional/argued] -- The authors stipulate a category of director, the feedback provider, defined as a director appointed to supply management with unmediated and relevant input from the market, which is what a firm needs in order to plan for continued relevancy.
  > Successful companies have included a diverse range of individuals who are expected to assist management by providing unmediated and relevant input from the market. Such market feedback is highly necessary to identify a plan to remain relevant in the future.
  Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176
- [2922176-033](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-033) [predictive/speculative] -- It is feasible that in the not too distant future an artificial intelligence will hold an independent board seat with voting authority and be trusted to make smarter, data-driven choices than human directors.
  > In the not too distant future it seems feasible that artificial intelligence will have an independent board seat and may be trusted to make smarter – data-driven – choices than humans.
  Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/board-of-directors.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.