{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/bugs",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:bugs",
 "name": "Bugs",
 "termCode": "bugs",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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 "sha256": "367a40c790ab84759e64ea40dc820105649ae5d2834de857839272c0274491bb",
 "additionalProperty": [
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   "name": "status",
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   "value": [
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  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3405401-020",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3405401-020",
   "text": "Even small and simple smart contracts often contain bugs that trigger unforeseeable consequences, so contract simplicity is not by itself a guarantee of correct execution.",
   "abstract": "Even small and simple smart contracts often have bugs that trigger unforeseeable consequences.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralized Commerce – A Primer on Why Decentralized Reputation Verification Systems Are Needed (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3405401",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "bc2d6f0ddc0852fb4085c4543c7c1dec19aaf8745eb67e3acc637e552bd7fb7d",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3441904-033",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3441904-033",
   "text": "Rulemaking via code is not itself a cure for static regulation, because coded solutions are subject to natural flaws such as bugs and cannot evolutionarily change protocols, making them another stable and presumptively optimal attempt.",
   "abstract": "On the other hand, coded solutions are subject to natural flaws (bugs) and cannot evolutionarily change protocols.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain-Based Corporate Governance (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3441904",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "decentralized rulemaking via code without dynamic elements"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "e6b562527f7f19accaa35491db0a0db168b6a936755e1dca424e9f30bee7a815",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'bugs'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}