{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/canada",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:canada",
 "name": "Canada",
 "termCode": "canada",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/canada.md",
 "sha256": "7ac5bd3520ca522212c6acf20eb62affa96e297710e6b0e8c6fa5f460e0c77c3",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 3
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2012",
    "2018"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2029983-030",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2029983-030",
   "text": "Canada could engage in Forum Competition with the United States if its courts allow suits under Canadian law over all transactions in securities listed for trading in Canada, even transactions executed in the United States, assembling a class of Canadian and U.S. investors that Morrison forbids in U.S. courts.",
   "abstract": "Canada thus has an opportunity to engage in Forum Competition with the United States if its courts assume a different posture and allow suits under Canadian law with respect to all transactions in securities listed for trading in Canada, even if some of those transactions take place in the",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Richard W. Painter, Forum Competition and Choice of Law Competition in Securities Law after Morrison v. National Austral (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2029983",
   "datePublished": "2012",
   "claim_type": "condition",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "Canadian courts adopt a posture different from U.S. courts applying Morrison"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "fde2ff611420eb283cbb49a6b681a2ae8efa2b4603ae71480e2d91483f0295f2",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3117224-029",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3117224-029",
   "text": "The Canadian Securities Administrators apply a four-factor test to determine whether a cryptocurrency must be registered as a security.",
   "abstract": "The CSA applies a four-factor test in determining whether a cryptocurrency have to be registered as securities.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Initial Coin Offerings The Top 25 Jurisdictions and Their Comparative Regulatory Responses (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3117224",
   "datePublished": "2018",
   "claim_type": "condition",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "Canada"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "83e9ccb9219a217d9fcfc5c098b897229ee7cf85623bee3ae22d2e986548466b",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3117224-030",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3117224-030",
   "text": "At the time of publication there were no registered marketplaces or alternative trading systems for cryptocurrency in Canada.",
   "abstract": "At the time of publication, there were no registered marketplaces or ATS's in Canada.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Initial Coin Offerings The Top 25 Jurisdictions and Their Comparative Regulatory Responses (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3117224",
   "datePublished": "2018",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "Canada",
    "as of publication"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "83e9ccb9219a217d9fcfc5c098b897229ee7cf85623bee3ae22d2e986548466b",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'canada'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}