{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/carbon-credits",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:carbon-credits",
 "name": "Carbon credits",
 "termCode": "carbon-credits",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/carbon-credits.md",
 "sha256": "35297a802efa6ec551725fae54ac07a75b4e68d120385cb5b38c25d9e42e62a3",
 "additionalProperty": [
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
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   "value": "derived"
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   "value": 2
  },
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   "value": [
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    "2024"
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   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4685567-002",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4685567-002",
   "text": "Kaal stipulates the load bearing definition of the paper: impact certificates are electronic tickets that can be sold to claim a project's impact, functioning analogously to a carbon credit.",
   "abstract": "Impact Certificates are \"electronic tickets\" that can be sold to claim a project's impact akin to a carbon credit.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Impact Investing Innovation - From Impact 1.0 to 3.0 (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4685567",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "definitional",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "87fb1be89d2661967ed2b0b673fe26448ded3bc3119b122177a4fc13ae5c085c",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4685567-012",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4685567-012",
   "text": "Kaal concedes that at their worst Impact 1.0 carbon credits are non transparent, fraudulent and fail to mitigate climate change, but contests the inference drawn from that record: operational shortcomings do not necessarily invalidate the underlying theory.",
   "abstract": "at their worst, carbon credits in Impact 1.0 are non-transparent, fraudulent and fail to mitigate climate change. Nonetheless, operational shortcomings do not necessarily invalidate the underlying theory",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Impact Investing Innovation - From Impact 1.0 to 3.0 (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4685567",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "distinguishes operational execution from underlying theory"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "87fb1be89d2661967ed2b0b673fe26448ded3bc3119b122177a4fc13ae5c085c",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'carbon-credits'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}