# Causal attribution

`kaal:entity:causal-attribution`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 3 claims that carry the concept tag `causal-attribution`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

3 claims across 3 works, 2014 to 2016.

**2014**

- [2486570-035](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2486570-035) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- If corporate wrongdoing is not in fact caused by deficient corporate governance, then the governance reform imposed through a non or deferred prosecution agreement is merely a method of settlement rather than a lasting reform effort.
  > If corporate wrongdo- ing is not the result of lacking corporate governance, it seems possible that N/DPA related governance reform is just a method of settlement rather than a lasting re- form effort.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Timothy Lacine, The Effect of Deferred and Non-Prosecution Agreements on Corporate Governance Evidence from 1993-20 (2014). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2486570

**2016**

- [2732915-034](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2732915-034) [empirical/evidenced] -- Among the minority of respondents who believed Dodd-Frank affected fund earnings, the majority attributed that effect to additional compliance costs rather than to lower returns.
  > Figure 17 illustrates that the majority of those respondents who believed that Dodd-Frank affected their fund(s) earnings blamed additional compliance costs associated with Dodd-Frank.
  Wulf A. Kaal, The Private Fund Industry Five Years after the Dodd-Frank Act – A Survey Study (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2732915
- [2811718-036](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2811718-036) [empirical/argued] -- Madoff related cases following the discovery of the Ponzi scheme in 2008 only partially explain the significant increase in the prevalence and importance of private fund investor due diligence after 2009.
  > Madoff-related cases in the aftermath of the discovery of the Madoff Ponzi scheme in 2008 only partially explain the significant increase in the prevalence and importance of private fund IDD after 2009.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Private Fund Investor Due Diligence – Evidence from 1995 to 2015 (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2811718

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/causal-attribution.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.