{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/centralized-information",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:centralized-information",
 "name": "Centralized information",
 "termCode": "centralized-information",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/centralized-information.md",
 "sha256": "7375c4b4c8a5d6cebe72c72429ccf6b879cacb6a944bbec3d6309f72886029c9",
 "additionalProperty": [
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   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
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   "value": 2
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   "value": [
    "2013",
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  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2273857-054",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2273857-054",
   "text": "Financial rulemaking often relies on centralized rather than decentralized information, which is a further defect of the existing framework.",
   "abstract": "Financial rulemaking also often utilizes centralized rather than decentralized information.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Dynamic Regulation of the Financial Services Industry (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2273857",
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "e7cb3dea40593135acc99a9b00690138fe01020514ebf388f5140e1b0e59e82a",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2808132-018",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2808132-018",
   "text": "Stable and presumptively optimal rules are created to address regulatory issues that lawmakers perceive through centralized information under then-existing economic and market conditions, and are drafted as permanent solutions to those perceived issues.",
   "abstract": "presumptively optimal rules.76 Such stable and presumptively optimal rules are created to address perceived regulatory issues identified by lawmakers through centralized information in the then-existing economic and market conditions. Stable and",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, How to Regulate Disruptive Innovation - From Facts to Data (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2808132",
   "datePublished": "2016",
   "claim_type": "definitional",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "Congress, regulatory agencies, self-regulatory bodies, and the regulation literature"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "3515f2317ed9c1d33ae55d70467cdf1f6c4e350065ea6a887d5d7619599ad7d2",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'centralized-information'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}