{
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 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/centralized-institutions",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:centralized-institutions",
 "name": "Centralized institutions",
 "termCode": "centralized-institutions",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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   "value": 2
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   "value": [
    "2019",
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   ]
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3405401-014",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3405401-014",
   "text": "Trust barometers such as the Edelman report show a radical depreciation of trust in centralized institutions between 2017 and 2018.",
   "abstract": "Trust barometers, such as the Edelman report, assessing the level of trust in centralized institutions suggests radical depreciation in trust between the years 2017 and 2018.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralized Commerce – A Primer on Why Decentralized Reputation Verification Systems Are Needed (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3405401",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "measured between 2017 and 2018",
    "trust in centralized institutions"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "bc2d6f0ddc0852fb4085c4543c7c1dec19aaf8745eb67e3acc637e552bd7fb7d",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808873-004",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3808873-004",
   "text": "The libertarian and reformist orientation of the crypto community itself neutralizes decentralization, because the strong idea of reforming society with decentralized technology makes cooperation with existing centralized structures often suboptimal.",
   "abstract": "The idea of reforming society with decentralized technology remains strong in the crypto community. As a result, cooperation with existing centralized structures is often suboptimal.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization Neutralizers (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808873",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "crypto community formed after the Bitcoin whitepaper",
    "early 2020s"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "f11493915e6b8c266d421510b5546816e33defb5650aac9d09b20d78549da727",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'centralized-institutions'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}