# Coding study

`kaal:entity:coding-study`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 2 claims that carry the concept tag `coding-study`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

2 claims across 1 works, 2014 to 2014.

**2014**

- [2486570-011](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2486570-011) [empirical/evidenced] -- Coding of all publicly available non and deferred prosecution agreements executed between 1993 and 2013 shows that 97.41 percent of them, or 264 of 271 agreements, contained relevant corporate governance changes.
  > we show that 97.41 percent [N=264] of the public N/DPAs from 1993–2013 con- tained relevant corporate governance changes.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Timothy Lacine, The Effect of Deferred and Non-Prosecution Agreements on Corporate Governance Evidence from 1993-20 (2014). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2486570
- [2486570-014](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2486570-014) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Where coded categories such as cooperating, disclosure, and internal review fall well short of 100 percent of the sample, the shortfall may reflect a gap in what the agreements record rather than a real absence of those corporate actions, so the coded frequencies understate actual conduct.
  > there is a chance that we may be capturing a gap in what is recorded in the N/DPAs in the sample, rather than a real absence of these factors.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Timothy Lacine, The Effect of Deferred and Non-Prosecution Agreements on Corporate Governance Evidence from 1993-20 (2014). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2486570

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/coding-study.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.