# Comity

`kaal:entity:comity`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 4 claims that carry the concept tag `comity`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

4 claims across 2 works, 2010 to 2011.

**2010**

- [1664809-005](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1664809-005) [normative/argued] -- Because many countries choose to combat securities fraud through government enforcement rather than private litigation, the United States should respect the right of other countries to regulate their own markets.
  > respect the right of other countries to regulate their own markets.
  Richard W. Painter, Wulf A. Kaal, Extraterritorial Application of US Securities Law – Will the US Become the Default Jurisdiction for (2010). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1664809

**2011**

- [1765901-008](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1765901-008) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Permitting Section 10(b) suits over dually listed securities traded outside the United States would undermine Morrison's own policy rationale, because it would interfere with the laws of other countries and turn the United States into a haven for plaintiffs' lawyers suing over foreign exchange purchases.
  > Furthermore, allowing Section 10(b) suits over dually listed securities traded outside the United States would undermine the strongest policy arguments discussed in the Morrison opinion -that applying Section 10(b) to foreign exchanges would interfere with the laws of other countries
  Kaal and Painter, The Aftermath of Morrison v. National Australia Bank and Elliott Associates v. Porsche (2011). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1765901
- [1765901-019](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1765901-019) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Porsche could be exposed to substantial U.S. sanctions even though neither its own common stock nor Volkswagen's traded in the United States, solely because of swap agreements to which Porsche was not a party.
  > Albeit seemingly without its own common stock trading in the U.S. or the common stock of Volkswagen trading in the U.S., Porsche could be ex- posed to substantial sanctions in the U.S. merely because of swap agreements in which Porsche had no involvement.
  Kaal and Painter, The Aftermath of Morrison v. National Australia Bank and Elliott Associates v. Porsche (2011). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1765901
- [1765901-028](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1765901-028) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Section 929P(b) risks complications where the SEC proceeds unilaterally in situations in which coordinated enforcement with foreign regulators would be more effective, for example insider trading cases involving exchanges whose home regimes do not recognize comparable insider trading rules.
  > The provision risks complications if the SEC pursues cases unilaterally when coordinated enforcement with foreign regulators would be more effective.
  Kaal and Painter, The Aftermath of Morrison v. National Australia Bank and Elliott Associates v. Porsche (2011). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1765901

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/comity.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.