{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/commerce",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:commerce",
 "name": "Commerce",
 "termCode": "commerce",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/commerce.md",
 "sha256": "60b0ce6177a79ec3fa9c83f9db9e6271514a39c5630457eb25a0cbf0479534d7",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 4
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 3
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2019",
    "2021"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3396522-017",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3396522-017",
   "text": "Conducting commerce on public blockchains counteracts corruption because every transaction becomes publicly visible and traceable to both consumers and the government, removing the untraceability that corrupt dealing requires.",
   "abstract": "The transparency and traceability of public blockchain transactions in business and commerce counteracts corruption. Using public blockchains in commerce makes every and all transactions publicly visible and traceable for consumers and the government alike.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Vadhindran K. Rao, Stable Cryptocurrencies (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3396522",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "requires use of public rather than permissioned blockchains"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "ef5031b16aa53476ed618f0bdf92601cd4affb893692c701134bd9cba3ea8acf",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3396522-018",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3396522-018",
   "text": "Stability drives a causal chain in commerce: the more stable a cryptocurrency, the more it proliferates, and the more stable cryptocurrencies proliferate in commerce, the less able corruption is to destroy economic growth, making the degree of currency stability negatively correlated with corruption.",
   "abstract": "The more stable a cryptocurrency is, the more likely it is to proliferate.137 In turn, the more proliferation of stable cryptocurrencies occurs in commerce, the less likely it is for corruption to destroy economic growth.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Vadhindran K. Rao, Stable Cryptocurrencies (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3396522",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "ef5031b16aa53476ed618f0bdf92601cd4affb893692c701134bd9cba3ea8acf",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3405401-025",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3405401-025",
   "text": "Reputation is the key ingredient that enables commerce, and it is precisely the ingredient that makes truly decentralized solutions possible.",
   "abstract": "In as much as reputation enables truly decentralized solutions reputation is also the key ingredient that enables commerce.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralized Commerce – A Primer on Why Decentralized Reputation Verification Systems Are Needed (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3405401",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "condition",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "bc2d6f0ddc0852fb4085c4543c7c1dec19aaf8745eb67e3acc637e552bd7fb7d",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782205-027",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782205-027",
   "text": "An artificially scarce currency such as bitcoin is deflationary as long as its market expands, and like gold its price fluctuation makes it unsuitable for daily commerce.",
   "abstract": "The artificially scarce bitcoin currency is deflationary as long as its market expands. Like gold, its fluctuation makes it unsuitable for daily commerce.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Eight Institutions for the Evolution of Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782205",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "holds while the currency's market is expanding"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "5ba52c63e81019b6867fb29c4a50821ff574e510d79b31b8ce9f4c726a0ebc71",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "4 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'commerce'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}