# Comparability

`kaal:entity:comparability`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 4 claims that carry the concept tag `comparability`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

4 claims across 4 works, 2014 to 2024.

**2014**

- [2447306-037](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2447306-037) [failure/evidenced] *(failure mode)* -- Form PF fund performance metrics are not accurate or comparable across filers, because reporting entities employ different calculation methodologies to produce them.
  > Several respondents mentioned Form PF Item C., Question 17 (Reporting Fund Performance), suggesting that existing Form PF fund performance metrics are not accurate because the reporting entities employ different calculation methodologies.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Private Fund Disclosures Under the Dodd-Frank Act (2014). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2447306
- [2470008-023](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2470008-023) [failure/evidenced] *(failure mode)* -- Advisers take different approaches and make different assumptions when completing Form PF, which the SEC identifies as a further challenge to the usability of the data.
  > Other challenges with Form PF identified by the SEC include the differences in approaches taken by investment advisers in completing Form PF and differences in assumptions made by investment advisers in completing Form PF.
  Wulf A. Kaal, The Systemic Risk of Private Funds after the Dodd-Frank Act (2014). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2470008

**2016**

- [2739479-018](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2739479-018) [condition/argued] -- Neither the 2012 nor the 2015 sample is biased, and the comparison across the two populations is consistent because respondents in both surveys were equally subject to Title IV compliance obligations.
  > Neither the population sample for the 2012 survey188 nor the 2015 follow-up study189 sample are biased. The comparison of the two populations is consistent and unbiased because respondents in both surveys are equally required to com- ply with Title IV.
  Wulf A. Kaal, The Post Dodd-Frank Act Evolution of the Private Fund Industry Comparative Evidence from 2012 and 2 (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2739479

**2024**

- [4685567-016](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4685567-016) [failure/evidenced] *(failure mode)* -- Impact measurement in Impact 2.0 has no settled standard: consensus on measurement methodologies and metrics remains elusive, which produces divergent approaches and hinders comparability across programs and sectors.
  > Standardization and consensus on measurement methodologies and metrics remain elusive, leading to variations in approaches and sometimes hindering comparability 67 across different programs or sectors.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Impact Investing Innovation - From Impact 1.0 to 3.0 (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4685567

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/comparability.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.