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 "identifier": "kaal:entity:competitive-disadvantage",
 "name": "Competitive disadvantage",
 "termCode": "competitive-disadvantage",
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 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1806252-007",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:1806252-007",
   "text": "Hedge fund managers subjected to stricter rules in one jurisdiction while competing with funds in less restrictive jurisdictions could be placed at a comparative disadvantage.",
   "abstract": "If hedge fund managers are subjected to stricter rules in one jurisdiction while competing for clients and profit margins with funds in jurisdictions that impose less restrictive rules, they could be at a comparative disadvantage.",
   "citation": "Kaal, Hedge Fund Regulation Via Basel III (2011). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1806252",
   "datePublished": "2011",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "managers compete for the same clients and profit margins across jurisdictions"
   ],
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2740477-009",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2740477-009",
   "text": "When disruptive firms do not comply with existing rules or write their own exemptions because no appropriate rules exist, consumer protection and public safety goals are undermined and incumbent firms still bound by the rules suffer severe competitive disadvantages.",
   "abstract": "public policy goals including consumer protection and public safety can be undermined and incumbent firms that continue to be subject to existing rules encounter often severe competitive disadvantages",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, Venture Capital as Dynamic Regulation of Disruptive Innovation (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2740477",
   "datePublished": "2016",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "disruptive products or services that fall outside or evade the existing regulatory framework"
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2808132-010",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2808132-010",
   "text": "When disruptive firms do not comply with existing rules or effectively create their own exemptions because the existing framework does not reach them, public policy goals can be undermined and incumbent firms that remain subject to the rules suffer severe competitive disadvantages.",
   "abstract": "regulatory framework does not apply and appropriate rules are not available, public policy goals can be undermined and incumbent firms that continue to be subject to existing rules encounter often severe competitive disadvantages.70 To counteract such",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, How to Regulate Disruptive Innovation - From Facts to Data (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2808132",
   "datePublished": "2016",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "disruptive products or services outside existing regulatory categories",
    "no appropriate replacement rules available"
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   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3227933-026",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3227933-026",
   "text": "A particular problem with old world centralized, hierarchical organizations is that their decision-making processes become slow, cumbersome and costly, which is a competitive problem for incumbents in a fast-paced consumer-driven economy.",
   "abstract": "A particular problem with \"old world\" centralized, hierarchical organizations is that decision-making processes can become slow, cumbersome and costly.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, Why 'Blockchain' Will Disrupt Corporate Organizations (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3227933",
   "datePublished": "2018",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
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 ],
 "description": "4 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'competitive-disadvantage'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}