# Competitive disadvantage

`kaal:entity:competitive-disadvantage`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 4 claims that carry the concept tag `competitive-disadvantage`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

4 claims across 4 works, 2011 to 2018.

**2011**

- [1806252-007](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1806252-007) [mechanism/argued] -- Hedge fund managers subjected to stricter rules in one jurisdiction while competing with funds in less restrictive jurisdictions could be placed at a comparative disadvantage.
  > If hedge fund managers are subjected to stricter rules in one jurisdiction while competing for clients and profit margins with funds in jurisdictions that impose less restrictive rules, they could be at a comparative disadvantage.
  Kaal, Hedge Fund Regulation Via Basel III (2011). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1806252

**2016**

- [2740477-009](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2740477-009) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- When disruptive firms do not comply with existing rules or write their own exemptions because no appropriate rules exist, consumer protection and public safety goals are undermined and incumbent firms still bound by the rules suffer severe competitive disadvantages.
  > public policy goals including consumer protection and public safety can be undermined and incumbent firms that continue to be subject to existing rules encounter often severe competitive disadvantages
  Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, Venture Capital as Dynamic Regulation of Disruptive Innovation (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2740477
- [2808132-010](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2808132-010) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- When disruptive firms do not comply with existing rules or effectively create their own exemptions because the existing framework does not reach them, public policy goals can be undermined and incumbent firms that remain subject to the rules suffer severe competitive disadvantages.
  > regulatory framework does not apply and appropriate rules are not available, public policy goals can be undermined and incumbent firms that continue to be subject to existing rules encounter often severe competitive disadvantages.70 To counteract such
  Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, How to Regulate Disruptive Innovation - From Facts to Data (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2808132

**2018**

- [3227933-026](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3227933-026) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- A particular problem with old world centralized, hierarchical organizations is that their decision-making processes become slow, cumbersome and costly, which is a competitive problem for incumbents in a fast-paced consumer-driven economy.
  > A particular problem with "old world" centralized, hierarchical organizations is that decision-making processes can become slow, cumbersome and costly.
  Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, Why 'Blockchain' Will Disrupt Corporate Organizations (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3227933

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/competitive-disadvantage.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.