{
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 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/cost-distribution",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:cost-distribution",
 "name": "Cost distribution",
 "termCode": "cost-distribution",
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 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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   "value": [
    "2016",
    "2016"
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2732915-022",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2732915-022",
   "text": "Compliance cost is a significant issue for the private fund industry: a majority of respondents put Dodd-Frank compliance costs between $50,000 and $200,000, while a significant minority estimates total compliance cost between $200,000 and over $400,000.",
   "abstract": "Compliance costs are a significant issue for the private fund industry. A majority of respondents found Dodd-Frank compliance costs to range from $50,000 to $200,000. However, a significant minority estimates the total compliance cost will range from $200,000 to over $400,000.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, The Private Fund Industry Five Years after the Dodd-Frank Act – A Survey Study (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2732915",
   "datePublished": "2016",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "N=69 survey respondents",
    "cost defined as actual expenses incurred"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "643658c02f6625bca35595696116d0ad74d681ed8579c644832ae4a88b2a8c14",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2732915-024",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2732915-024",
   "text": "The largest group of respondents, 26.5 percent, estimated annual compliance cost for all federal regulations at between $100,000 and $200,000, while a smaller group of 14.3 percent estimated it at more than $400,000 a year.",
   "abstract": "The largest number of respondents (26.5%), however, estimated the annual compliance cost for all federal regulations at between $100,000 and $200,000. A smaller group (14.3%) estimated the cost of compliance as more than $400,000 a year.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, The Private Fund Industry Five Years after the Dodd-Frank Act – A Survey Study (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2732915",
   "datePublished": "2016",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "all federal regulations pertaining to private fund advisers, not only Dodd-Frank"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "643658c02f6625bca35595696116d0ad74d681ed8579c644832ae4a88b2a8c14",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2816408-006",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2816408-006",
   "text": "Dodd-Frank Act compliance costs fall most heavily on advisers managing the largest number of reporting funds, because private fund advisers incur roughly $10,000 in compliance cost per reporting fund.",
   "abstract": "Because private fund advisers incur about $10,000 compliance cost per reporting fund (Kaal 2013a), Dodd-Frank Act compliance costs are highest for those advisers in our dataset with the highest number of reporting funds under management.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Barbara Luppi, Sandra Paterlini, Did the Dodd-Frank Act Impact Private Fund Performance  – Evidence from 2010 – 2015 (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2816408",
   "datePublished": "2016",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "advisers with multiple reporting funds",
    "per fund cost estimate from Kaal 2013a"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "dc3b2f9e60e42ea1b42c2e0062d65569675b014c05fcd30b15ad44d2410b2ce7",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'cost-distribution'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}