{
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 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/cost-of-cash",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:cost-of-cash",
 "name": "Cost of cash",
 "termCode": "cost-of-cash",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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   "value": [
    "2019",
    "2019"
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3402701-006",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3402701-006",
   "text": "Transacting in cash imposes large measurable costs: roughly 200 billion dollars annually in the United States, about 637 dollars per person, driven by counting, managing, storing, transporting, guarding and accounting for bank notes.",
   "abstract": "In the United States, transacting in cash costs the consumer around 200 billion dollars annually - about $637 per person",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Vadhindran K. Rao, Stable Cryptocurrencies - First Order Principles (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3402701",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "United States, 2018 estimates"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "72ed2581b4cac2bd18a5b2640be959487a3cbc34c86ab5e5664924bcdb53c8e0",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3406323-016",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3406323-016",
   "text": "Transacting in cash costs United States consumers roughly 200 billion dollars annually, about 637 dollars per person, driven by counting, managing, storing, transporting, guarding, and accounting for bank notes.",
   "abstract": "In the United States, transacting in cash costs the consumer around 200 billion dollars annually - about $637 per person.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization - A Primer on the New Economy (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3406323",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "United States"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "6293780b57a1ae1de17ec00f99cc94295d4f72ea4d08b17a5c08c44772b221db",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3406323-017",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3406323-017",
   "text": "The poor and those with less access to institutions bear a disproportionate share of the costs of using cash.",
   "abstract": "Several studies demonstrate that the poor and those with less access to institutions bear a disproportionate share of these costs of using cash.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization - A Primer on the New Economy (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3406323",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "cash based economies"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "6293780b57a1ae1de17ec00f99cc94295d4f72ea4d08b17a5c08c44772b221db",
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 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'cost-of-cash'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}