# Costs

`kaal:entity:costs`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 2 claims that carry the concept tag `costs`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

2 claims across 2 works, 2021 to 2026.

**2021**

- [3782198-023](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782198-023) [mechanism/asserted] -- Peer to peer networks scale more favorably than client server architectures because client server costs increase linearly per unit while peer to peer network costs can decrease with each added node, depending on topology.
  > Network effects proliferate in peer-to-peer networks because, unlike the traditional client- server architecture which is subject to the linearly increasing per-unit costs, the peer- to-peer network costs can decrease with each added node (depending on topology).
  Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Contemporary Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782198

**2026**

- [7596939-030](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/7596939-030) [mechanism/argued] -- Every mediated arrangement faces a structural cost the agent does not: it must carry capital growing with the record's value, or review slashes at a rate growing with their frequency.
  > Should intelligent agents have legal rights? This Article sets that question aside and asks a smaller one that matters more in practice. An intelligent agent that earns a reputation record has something to lose.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Should an Intelligent Agent Have Legal Rights? (2026). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=7596939

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/costs.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.