{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/crd-iv",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:crd-iv",
 "name": "Crd iv",
 "termCode": "crd-iv",
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 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
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   "value": [
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2061166-006",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2061166-006",
   "text": "Mutual recognition of countercyclical capital buffers hollows out the national discretion the Commission proposal appears to grant: the financially strongest Member States with the largest financial sectors will effectively set the buffer size for smaller Member States whose institutions do business there.",
   "abstract": "Therefore, the financially stronger Member States with the largest financial sectors may dictate the size of countercyclical buffers for smaller Member States, thereby practically reducing any proposed national discretion.",
   "citation": "Christoph K. Henkel, Wulf A. Kaal, Contingent Capital in European Union Bank Restructuring (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2061166",
   "datePublished": "2012",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "countercyclical buffers up to the 2.5 percent mutual recognition ceiling",
    "institutions with branches or subsidiaries in the buffer-setting Member State"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "43625ea260d0fc045e86d3435df50c9d0ca4abf8542e6085a6165be6653b4a7b",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2061166-007",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2061166-007",
   "text": "Even the residual national discretion to set countercyclical buffers between 2.5 and 5 percent is misleading, because a Member State such as the United Kingdom is unlikely to sustain a 5 percent buffer while Germany requires only 2.5 percent and thereby hands German banks a competitive advantage.",
   "abstract": "The Commission proposal explicitly allows Member States to implement countercyclical buffers of up to 5%, but limits mutual recognition to the 2.5% ceiling. Even in these instances, the proposed discretion may be misleading.",
   "citation": "Christoph K. Henkel, Wulf A. Kaal, Contingent Capital in European Union Bank Restructuring (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2061166",
   "datePublished": "2012",
   "claim_type": "predictive",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "buffers set above the 2.5 percent mutual recognition ceiling",
    "competing national banking sectors, especially where the state holds bank ownership stakes"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "43625ea260d0fc045e86d3435df50c9d0ca4abf8542e6085a6165be6653b4a7b",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2061166-008",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2061166-008",
   "text": "The authors identify a drafting defect in the proposed CRD IV Regulation: the distinction drawn by financial institution in Article 51(a) is ambiguous and the cross reference to the institution referred to in point (a) of Article 87 is unclear and indeterminate, so the provision requires clarification or amendment.",
   "abstract": "the distinction is ambiguous and requires further clarification or amendment. Specifically, the statutory reference in § 51, ¶ (a) (\"of the institution referred to in point (a) of Article 87\") is unclear and indeterminate.",
   "citation": "Christoph K. Henkel, Wulf A. Kaal, Contingent Capital in European Union Bank Restructuring (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2061166",
   "datePublished": "2012",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "Article 51 of the proposed CRD IV Regulation as drafted"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "43625ea260d0fc045e86d3435df50c9d0ca4abf8542e6085a6165be6653b4a7b",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'crd-iv'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}