{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/credit-standards",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:credit-standards",
 "name": "Credit standards",
 "termCode": "credit-standards",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/credit-standards.md",
 "sha256": "73c32d40083793a0564dc4a9be04923568594cf6599b1c493b62a21d81a248b2",
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   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 3
  },
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   "value": 1
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2019",
    "2019"
   ]
  },
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   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3405660-011",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3405660-011",
   "text": "LTCM reached systemically dangerous size because banks lent to it without regard to repayment capacity, and in doing so the banks endangered their own existence.",
   "abstract": "LTCM grew as large as it did because banks lent it money without regard for whether this money could be paid back. Banks put their own existence at risk with their lending practices during this time.",
   "citation": "Kaal, Indirect Regulation of Hedge Funds (2019). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3405660",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "cf507b1833071765bc13a5605f38c2591582eca85f40869e38b6ff075c04d29d",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3405660-025",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3405660-025",
   "text": "Competition among creditor banks undermines indirect regulation, because competing banks compromise on important elements of the risk management process and agree to overly generous credit conditions.",
   "abstract": "Competition among creditor banks can also lead to compromising on important elements of the risk management process and agreeing to overly generous credit conditions.",
   "citation": "Kaal, Indirect Regulation of Hedge Funds (2019). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3405660",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "multiple banks competing to lend to the same hedge funds"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "cf507b1833071765bc13a5605f38c2591582eca85f40869e38b6ff075c04d29d",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3405660-033",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3405660-033",
   "text": "The Basel Framework reduces systemic risk by regulating bank credit standards, which indirectly constrains hedge fund leverage and makes credit markets safer.",
   "abstract": "Systemic risk problems are addressed because the Basel Framework regulates the credit standards of banks but indirectly also hedge funds' level of leverage. Hence, credit markets are saver.",
   "citation": "Kaal, Indirect Regulation of Hedge Funds (2019). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3405660",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "cf507b1833071765bc13a5605f38c2591582eca85f40869e38b6ff075c04d29d",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'credit-standards'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}