# Crypto economics

`kaal:entity:crypto-economics`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 7 claims that carry the concept tag `crypto-economics`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

7 claims across 5 works, 2017 to 2020.

**2017**

- [3067615-009](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3067615-009) [mechanism/argued] -- An issuer can pre-define monetary policy in crypto economics by fixing the number of tokens created and issued, and a maximum token issuance combined with controlled token supply releases can make small increases in demand drive token prices higher.
  > A maximum token issuance in combination with controlled token supply releases can result in small increases in demand driving token prices higher.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Marco Dell'Erba, Initial Coin Offerings Emerging Practices, Risk Factors, and Red Flags (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3067615
- [3067615-010](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3067615-010) [design/argued] -- To avoid a token price crash, token escrow accounts should provide usage and access controls that assure investors escrowed tokens will not be issued at a discount, and lockups or phased releases of escrowed tokens further minimize crash risk.
  > To avoid a token price crash, token escrow accounts should provide usage and access controls that assure investors that escrowed tokens will not be issued at a discount.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Marco Dell'Erba, Initial Coin Offerings Emerging Practices, Risk Factors, and Red Flags (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3067615

**2018**

- [3128900-014](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3128900-014) [design/argued] -- Decentralized crypto market solutions can significantly optimize the existing mechanical turk market while simultaneously democratizing access to it.
  > Decentralized crypto market solutions for the existing mechanical turk market can provide significant optimization while democratizing market access.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralized Mechanical Turk Through Verified Reputation (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3128900
- [3249860-001](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3249860-001) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Crypto-economic incentive design is only limitedly successful at shaping future human behavior, because the designer must speculate about future human mental states and belief systems that may turn out entirely different from what was anticipated.
  > Shaping future human behavior through incentive design is limitedly successful7 because the social engineer speculates about human future mental states and corresponding belief systems.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Crypto Economics - The Top 100 Token Models Compared (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3249860
- [3249860-003](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3249860-003) [definitional/argued] -- Crypto-economics is arguably a misnomer, since it is really just economics; what may legitimate the label is the unprecedented combination of disciplines required to analyze incentive designs in decentralized systems.
  > Crypto-Economics really is just economics and, in fact, may be a misnomer.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Crypto Economics - The Top 100 Token Models Compared (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3249860

**2019**

- [3405401-002](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3405401-002) [definitional/asserted] -- Narrowly construed, a digital asset is instantiated through computer code and depends on consensus computer algorithms to trigger and validate any transaction in that asset; broadly construed, digital assets extend to items such as video game goods that have no validating consensus algorithm and no comparable security.
  > Narrowly construed, digital assets are instantiated through computer code and depend on so-called "consensus computer algorithms" to trigger and validate a transaction in a given digital asset.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralized Commerce – A Primer on Why Decentralized Reputation Verification Systems Are Needed (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3405401

**2020**

- [3606663-022](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3606663-022) [design/argued] -- Token design must be treated as an iterative process in which data collection and flexibility in core design parameters are essential, because prior crypto economic assumptions routinely turn out to be suboptimal once the network grows and user preferences change.
  > Data collection and flexibility in core design parameters are essential because prior crypto-economic assumptions often materialize as suboptimal in the light of network growth and changing user and consumer preferences.
  Kaal, Digital Asset Market Evolution (2020). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3606663

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/crypto-economics.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.