{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/crypto-winter",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:crypto-winter",
 "name": "Crypto winter",
 "termCode": "crypto-winter",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/crypto-winter.md",
 "sha256": "e4b151d6f94976fd7e7c9b15af60d96710d23fe9155c5e25075aee3b87ea59a7",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2019",
    "2019"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3396522-030",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3396522-030",
   "text": "The lack of interoperability is a very serious threat to the survivability of cryptocurrency projects, as the crypto winter of 2018 and 2019 demonstrated when thousands of competing, non interoperable projects failed.",
   "abstract": "The lack of interoperability is a very serious threat of survivability of cryptocurrency projects.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Vadhindran K. Rao, Stable Cryptocurrencies (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3396522",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "ef5031b16aa53476ed618f0bdf92601cd4affb893692c701134bd9cba3ea8acf",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3409548-031",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3409548-031",
   "text": "The shift of the digital asset market back from the ICO model to the venture model since late 2017 has reduced, not increased, diversification for investors.",
   "abstract": "Since late 2017, the market for digital assets has moved back from the ICO model to the venture model, leading to less diversification.",
   "citation": "Kaal, Financial Technology and Hedge Funds (2019). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3409548",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "digital asset market after late 2017"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "74227ab2656b06bfe4a29c942fc2ba26df9f476917e0a9f85ec038b8c3402c40",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'crypto-winter'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}