{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/cryptographic-keys",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:cryptographic-keys",
 "name": "Cryptographic keys",
 "termCode": "cryptographic-keys",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/cryptographic-keys.md",
 "sha256": "ac77b072b1bb91b45f46de7b1a15ed1bccf3a0a7d530ddab7d3e0568a3aa0990",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2021",
    "2024"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3936876-031",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3936876-031",
   "text": "Specialized digital custody audit procedures for verifying that a bank maintains access controls over a cryptographic key differ from the audit procedures used for physical assets, so some risk management processes must be tailored for digital custody.",
   "abstract": "Specialized digital custody audit procedures for verifying the bank maintains access controls for a cryptographic key will differ from the procedures used for physical assets.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Hayley Howe, Custody of Digital Assets (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3936876",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "design",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "national banks providing cryptocurrency custody"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "9bc0903d01910460298e754c451f027df4324367359800a98ee8e638d94aff55",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4900878-031",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:4900878-031",
   "text": "In blockchain transactions the signing function, performed by wallets holding cryptographic keys, is separate from execution, which occurs inside the smart contract, so tokens are never physically held in the same locality as the keys and the smart contract acts as the intermediary executing predefined rules.",
   "abstract": "This separation ensures that the tokens themselves are not physically held in the same locality as the keys.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Quantum Economy and Tokenomics (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4900878",
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "claim_type": "definitional",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "smart contract based blockchain transactions"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "75bf96d3b751b4ad0a6ca4a32591cf026094f113e3a372aa6c61790941b391f7",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'cryptographic-keys'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}