# Cyber security

`kaal:entity:cyber-security`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 5 claims that carry the concept tag `cyber-security`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

5 claims across 3 works, 2018 to 2021.

**2018**

- [3266953-005](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3266953-005) [mechanism/asserted] *(failure mode)* -- Today's internet is designed for hierarchical societal structures on an underlying authoritative trust model, and that traditional hierarchical trust model carries many inefficiencies including serious cyber security vulnerabilities.
  > Worse yet, today's internet is designed for hierarchical societal structures and with an underlying authoritative trust model. Many inefficiencies are associated with the traditional hierarchical trust model including serious cyber security vulnerabilities.
  Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Gopinath Sivalingam, Reputation Protocol for the Internet of Trust - Conceptual Whitepaper (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3266953
- [3266953-006](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3266953-006) [predictive/evidenced] *(failure mode)* -- The centralized version of the internet cannot scale to the thirty to fifty billion connected devices that experts expect by 2020, which is why decentralized authentication solutions for internet of things devices are needed.
  > By the year 2020 the majority of experts estimates that a total of 30 to 50 billion devices will connect to the internet.8 The prevailing opinion of these researchers suggests that the centralized version of the internet cannot scale to that level.
  Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Gopinath Sivalingam, Reputation Protocol for the Internet of Trust - Conceptual Whitepaper (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3266953

**2020**

- [3606663-021](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3606663-021) [mechanism/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Cyber security incidents contribute to the volatility of the digital asset market through a specific channel: consumers instantaneously withdraw their assets from an exchange affected by an incident.
  > Some indicia suggest that cyber security incidents contribute to the volatility of the digital asset market as consumers withdraw instantaneously their assets from an exchange that has been affected by a cyber security incident, among other reasons for this relationship.
  Kaal, Digital Asset Market Evolution (2020). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3606663

**2021**

- [3808859-032](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808859-032) [failure/evidenced] *(failure mode)* -- Growth in connected IoT devices is offset by falling consumer confidence, because the sheer number of devices creates unprecedented cyber security exposure and attacks can be launched by unsophisticated parties at minimal cost with maximal potential damage.
  > The IoT proliferation is offset by diminished consumer confidence. By the year 2020 the majority of experts estimate that a total of 30 to 50 billion devices will connect to the internet.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization – Why We Need Technology Infrastructure Upgrades (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808859
- [3808859-034](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808859-034) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- People increasingly substitute trust in machines, algorithms, and code for trust in organizations and procedures, but that reliance may be misplaced because the existing internet was designed for hierarchical societal structures on an authoritative hierarchical trust model carrying serious cyber security vulnerabilities.
  > Peoples' increasing reliance on digitized, coded, and automated replacements of traditional cohesion mechanisms may be misplaced. The existing internet is designed for hierarchical societal structures and with an underlying authoritative and hierarchical trust model.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization – Why We Need Technology Infrastructure Upgrades (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808859

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/cyber-security.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.