{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/dapps",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:dapps",
 "name": "Dapps",
 "termCode": "dapps",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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 "sha256": "5fd5b4584edfc2e9bbfd62c7d603ca35eb8dcc5a747733b25bc352f6ee38a997",
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   "name": "status",
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   "value": [
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3396522-032",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3396522-032",
   "text": "The low transaction throughput of public blockchains is a core limitation holding back more advanced distributed applications and, with them, decentralized commerce.",
   "abstract": "The low transaction throughputs of public blockchains158 is a core limitation that holds back more advanced DApps.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Vadhindran K. Rao, Stable Cryptocurrencies (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3396522",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "as of 2019 throughput levels"
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   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3406323-019",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3406323-019",
   "text": "The low transaction throughput of public blockchains is a core limitation that holds back more advanced distributed applications, which is why decentralized commerce in 2019 remains relegated to cryptocurrency trading and basic smart contracting.",
   "abstract": "The low transaction throughputs of public blockchains is a core limitation that holds back more advanced DApps.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization - A Primer on the New Economy (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3406323",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
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   ],
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  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3411897-023",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3411897-023",
   "text": "The low transaction throughput of public blockchains is a core limitation that holds back more advanced distributed applications.",
   "abstract": "The low transaction throughputs of public blockchains is a core limitation that holds back more advanced DApps.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization - Past, Present, and Future (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3411897",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
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   ],
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   "status": "current"
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782201-007",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3782201-007",
   "text": "Code based trust in decentralized applications lowers transaction costs and simultaneously raises consumer and market confidence and certainty, which facilitates economies of scale that are only occasionally and temporarily possible in centralized structures.",
   "abstract": "code-based trust can help lower trans- action costs, but it also increases consumer and overall market confidence and cer- tainty, which facilitate economies of scale that are only occasionally and temporarily possible in centralized structures.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Future of Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782201",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "holds despite the cybersecurity issues associated with cryptocurrencies"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "bedf7bcfbb7a9b0112b5848cb0d941b1d41f330dafeee0143a30ff5e8aa53700",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808867-033",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3808867-033",
   "text": "Code based trust lowers transaction costs and simultaneously raises consumer and market confidence and certainty, which facilitates economies of scale that are rarely possible in centralized structures, despite the cybersecurity problems associated with cryptocurrencies.",
   "abstract": "code-based trust can help lower transaction costs, but it also increases consumer and overall market confidence and certainty, which facilitate economies of scale that are rarely possible in centralized structures",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, How Decentralized Systems Can Upgrade AI (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808867",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "code based decentralized applications",
    "presence of cybersecurity issues in cryptocurrency markets"
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  }
 ],
 "description": "5 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'dapps'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}