# Data ownership

`kaal:entity:data-ownership`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 6 claims that carry the concept tag `data-ownership`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

6 claims across 4 works, 2019 to 2021.

**2019**

- [3406323-011](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3406323-011) [mechanism/argued] -- Personal data, preferences, and opinions can only be limitedly commercialized inside centralized structures, whereas in decentralized structures the same assets can be tokenized, valued, and mobilized, including in real time.
  > Such assets, e.g. one's data, preferences, opinions etc. currently in centralized structures can only limitedly be commercialized. In decentralized structures such assets can be tokenized, valued, and mobilized.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization - A Primer on the New Economy (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3406323

**2020**

- [3709041-003](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3709041-003) [mechanism/argued] -- Blockchain's formal immutable guarantees, improved data ownership, transparency, network integrity, and data privacy together generate a form of trust that helps optimize both business and society.
  > Through its formal immutable guarantees, improved data ownership, transparency, network integrity, and data privacy, blockchain technology facilitates unprecedented trust that helps to optimize business and society.
  Kaal, Blockchain Technology for Good (2020). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3709041
- [3709041-012](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3709041-012) [design/argued] -- Redistribution in decentralism is grounded in ownership rights in each person's individuality derived data that creates economic value, rather than in taxation or market determined income.
  > decentralism's redistribution is based on ownership rights in persons' individuality-derived data that creates economic value.
  Kaal, Blockchain Technology for Good (2020). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3709041

**2021**

- [3782198-012](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782198-012) [mechanism/argued] -- Web 2.0 companies solved the hosting problem through a Faustian bargain: free hosting is exchanged for access to shared content, ownership of viewers' personal information, control over what may be shared, and access to user attention.
  > In exchange they have access to the information that content providers want to share. They own any personal in- formation from viewers that can be gleaned. They control what content can and can't be shared, guiding popular opinion.
  Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Contemporary Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782198
- [3808867-007](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808867-007) [design/asserted] -- Redistribution under decentralism rests on ownership rights in a person's individuality derived data that creates economic value, rather than on tax policy.
  > decentralism's redistribution is based on ownership rights in persons' individuality-derived data that creates economic value.
  Wulf A. Kaal, How Decentralized Systems Can Upgrade AI (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808867
- [3808867-011](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808867-011) [mechanism/argued] -- Personal assets such as one's data, preferences, and opinions can only be commercialized to a limited degree in existing centralized structures, whereas decentralized structures allow those same assets to be tokenized, valued, and mobilized.
  > Such assets, e.g. one's data, preferences, opinions etc. can only limitedly be commercialized in existing centralized structures. In decentralized structures such assets can be tokenized, valued, and mobilized.
  Wulf A. Kaal, How Decentralized Systems Can Upgrade AI (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808867

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/data-ownership.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.