{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/ddr",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:ddr",
 "name": "Ddr",
 "termCode": "ddr",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/ddr.md",
 "sha256": "59150af757e7bd8148f8c792fd9686c7e1f25244af6874e81bf8b1c9d96dca86",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 1
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2025",
    "2025"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5554218-016",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5554218-016",
   "text": "Neither online dispute resolution nor decentralized dispute resolution complies with the minimum due process requirements defined and acknowledged in the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, which is ratified and enforced in 172 states.",
   "abstract": "It is important to note that neither ODR nor DDR comply with the minimal requirements of due process as defined and acknowledged in the United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards,47 which is ratified and enforced in 172 States.",
   "citation": "Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) Building the Legal Infrastructure for the Digital Era (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5554218",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "disputes over tokenized real world assets",
    "awards intended for cross-border recognition and enforcement"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "55738b4035a91b70aa2ddaa127552fe4b373ec641afee2719fbdcabebdcbea44",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5554218-017",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5554218-017",
   "text": "Decentralized dispute resolution relies on decentralized networks of jurors, which raises unresolved concerns about juror competence and bias.",
   "abstract": "DDR's reliance on decentralized networks raises concerns about juror competence and bias, as noted by Salger.",
   "citation": "Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) Building the Legal Infrastructure for the Digital Era (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5554218",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "complex disputes over tokenized real world assets"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "55738b4035a91b70aa2ddaa127552fe4b373ec641afee2719fbdcabebdcbea44",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'ddr'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}