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 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/decentralized-arbitration",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:decentralized-arbitration",
 "name": "Decentralized arbitration",
 "termCode": "decentralized-arbitration",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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 "sha256": "467577d1b684b61b259270f9ae3333e6c73978ba1adcd6e934de47d6ca90db3b",
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   "value": 2
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3125822-036",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3125822-036",
   "text": "Under certain restrictive assumptions it has been proven that no protocol can guarantee fair exchange with decentralized arbiters, so no design on this architecture can promise absolute certainty of fair machine arbitration.",
   "abstract": "Under certain restrictive assumptions, it has been proven that no protocol can be created which will guarantee fair exchange with decentralized arbiters",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Vlad Andrei, Blockchain Infrastructure for Measuring Domain Specific Reputation in Autonomous Decentralized and A (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3125822",
   "datePublished": "2018",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "holds under the restrictive assumptions of the cited impossibility result"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "d4d0bbaa3260968226186131d60e6d64a53e904d94e4295c61fd17042f1191ef",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808873-025",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3808873-025",
   "text": "Decentralized legal infrastructure solutions were almost entirely missing in the early 2020s despite strong demand, because other prerequisite decentralized infrastructure products, notably a functional public blockchain, were still missing.",
   "abstract": "Yet, other important decentralized infrastructure products, such as a functional public blockchain were still missing which undermined decentralized infrastructure solutions.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization Neutralizers (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808873",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "early 2020s decentralized legal and arbitration startups using ERC-20 tokens"
   ],
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   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'decentralized-arbitration'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}