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 "identifier": "kaal:entity:decentralized-systems",
 "name": "Decentralized systems",
 "termCode": "decentralized-systems",
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 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3125822-002",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3125822-002",
   "text": "Reputation value in any decentralized reputational system can be corrupted through three channels: direct purchase of reputation, automated worthless work, and degeneration of the system into a majority of inexpert opinions.",
   "abstract": "In any such decentralized reputational system there is always the potential to corrupt the value of reputation by purchasing it directly, or through automated worthless work, or through the degeneration of a majority of inexpert opinions.",
   "citation": "Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Vlad Andrei, Blockchain Infrastructure for Measuring Domain Specific Reputation in Autonomous Decentralized and A (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3125822",
   "datePublished": "2018",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "decentralized reputation systems",
    "anonymous participants"
   ],
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   "status": "current"
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  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3406323-038",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3406323-038",
   "text": "Without a core common ethical denominator, decentralized systems cannot last: they lose coherence, become attackable, and can be corrupted, leading to suboptimal societal outcomes.",
   "abstract": "Without a core common ethical denominator, decentralized systems cannot last, they lose coherence, become attackable, and can be corrupted, leading to suboptimal societal outcomes.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization - A Primer on the New Economy (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3406323",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "decentralized systems, as with any prior attempt to organize society"
   ],
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   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808873-032",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3808873-032",
   "text": "An algorithmic future in which most human decisions are predicted or performed by algorithms threatens human individuality, and the resulting loss of diversity of human experience and of unpredictability threatens the diversity of nodes in decentralized systems.",
   "abstract": "An algorithmic future where most of humans' decisions are predicted and or performed by algorithms creates a threat for human individuality. The lack of diversity of human experiences and lacking unpredictability create a threat to diversity of nodes in decentralized systems.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Decentralization Neutralizers (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808873",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "widespread centralized algorithmic automation of human decision making"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "f11493915e6b8c266d421510b5546816e33defb5650aac9d09b20d78549da727",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/6269518-003",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:6269518-003",
   "text": "Citation-weighted payment mechanisms as currently formulated will systematically erode the quality of knowledge attribution in any decentralized reputation system if the incentive misalignment is left unaddressed.",
   "abstract": "This paper demonstrates, however, that citation-weighted payment mechanisms as currently formulated contain a fundamental incentive misalignment that, if left unaddressed, will systematically erode the quality of knowledge attribution in any decentralized reputation system.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Citation Honesty Mechanisms in Weighted Directed Acyclic Graph Governance (2026). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=6269518",
   "datePublished": "2026",
   "claim_type": "predictive",
   "confidence": "argued",
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    "the incentive misalignment remains unaddressed"
   ],
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 ],
 "description": "4 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'decentralized-systems'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}