# Decision making

`kaal:entity:decision-making`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 6 claims that carry the concept tag `decision-making`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

6 claims across 5 works, 2017 to 2023.

**2017**

- [2922176-005](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-005) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- In companies that concentrate on established products, the executives who understand innovation and consumer experience, the very people responsible for the firm's initial success, are pushed to the margins of core decision making.
  > innovation and consumer experience — i.e., those individuals responsible for the initial success of a company and best placed to deliver relevancy — often find themselves marginalized from core decision-making processes in companies that focus on established products.
  Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176
- [2922176-033](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-033) [predictive/speculative] -- It is feasible that in the not too distant future an artificial intelligence will hold an independent board seat with voting authority and be trusted to make smarter, data-driven choices than human directors.
  > In the not too distant future it seems feasible that artificial intelligence will have an independent board seat and may be trusted to make smarter – data-driven – choices than humans.
  Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176

**2018**

- [3227933-026](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3227933-026) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- A particular problem with old world centralized, hierarchical organizations is that their decision-making processes become slow, cumbersome and costly, which is a competitive problem for incumbents in a fast-paced consumer-driven economy.
  > A particular problem with "old world" centralized, hierarchical organizations is that decision-making processes can become slow, cumbersome and costly.
  Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, Why 'Blockchain' Will Disrupt Corporate Organizations (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3227933

**2021**

- [3782192-006](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782192-006) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Concentrating too much power in any single office of a hierarchy creates a decision making bottleneck that can cripple the organization, so the tree structure that is optimal for transmitting orders downward is also its point of paralysis.
  > However, if too much power is held in any single office in the hierarchy, de- cision making finds a bottleneck that can cripple the organization.
  Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Introduction to Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782192
- [3962614-008](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3962614-008) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- A drawback of the traditional VC evaluation process is that perceptual, emotional, and cognitive processes affect the investment decision alongside financial considerations, because the evaluation criteria are applied through subjective human decision making.
  > A potential drawback of this process is that perceptual, emotional, and cognitive processes impact the decision in addition to financial decisions because the evaluation criteria is made through subjective human decision-making.
  Wulf A. Kaal, REPUTATION AS CAPITAL – How Decentralized Autonomous Organizations Address Shortcomings in the Ventu (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3962614

**2023**

- [4529715-016](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4529715-016) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Without clear and effective governance mechanisms, DAO decision-making becomes slow and inefficient, delaying important changes and the resolution of internal issues.
  > Without clear and effective governance mechanisms, decision-making processes can become slow and inefficient, leading to delays in implementing important changes or addressing issues within the DAO.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Josh Bykowski, Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAO) – A Market Meta Analysis (2023). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4529715

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/decision-making.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.