{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/demand-futility",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:demand-futility",
 "name": "Demand futility",
 "termCode": "demand-futility",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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 "sha256": "e8460ebeecd8c08d7703d1ed1368c892f192fb611df25103561fa7a53aea5abb",
 "additionalProperty": [
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
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   "value": 1
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2013",
    "2013"
   ]
  },
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  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2317580-030",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2317580-030",
   "text": "Outside the CIA context, oversight claims are the most difficult theory in corporation law on which to win judgment, and courts dismiss duty of care cases routinely at the pleading stage.",
   "abstract": "Courts dismiss duty of care cases routinely at the pleading stage.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Elizabeth R. Malay, The Role of Corporate Integrity Agreements in the Expansion of Fiduciary Duties (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2317580",
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "derivative suits alleging lack of oversight",
    "demand futility pleading requirements"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "50973e1e820aef47a4e7ffdbdcb513d03f1845643fcf4fa5910e9528a0b7dac2",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2317580-033",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2317580-033",
   "text": "In re Pfizer stipulates that for a company that executed a CIA the court will allow an assumption that the directors were fully informed and therefore willing participants in the corporate malfeasance, so that the CIAs themselves became the court's proof that the directors could have breached their fiduciary duties.",
   "abstract": "The court stipulates that in the case of a company that executed a CIA, it will allow an assumption that the directors were fully informed, and thus, willing participants in the corporate malfeasance.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Elizabeth R. Malay, The Role of Corporate Integrity Agreements in the Expansion of Fiduciary Duties (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2317580",
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "In re Pfizer, 722 F. Supp. 2d 453 (S.D.N.Y. 2010)",
    "boards obligated by prior CIAs to monitor the very conduct alleged"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "50973e1e820aef47a4e7ffdbdcb513d03f1845643fcf4fa5910e9528a0b7dac2",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'demand-futility'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}