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 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/derivative-suits",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:derivative-suits",
 "name": "Derivative suits",
 "termCode": "derivative-suits",
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 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
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  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1558614-035",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:1558614-035",
   "text": "Germany's 2005 introduction of the derivative suit tightened the standard of care only partially, because section 148(1) of the AktG conditions shareholder standing on holding shares worth roughly 100,000 euros, a threshold with no U.S. counterpart.",
   "abstract": "section 148(1) of the AktG requires a threshold ownership of shares totaling !100,000 (about $127,090) for shareholders to have standing to sue on behalf 174 of the corporation in German courts",
   "citation": "Painter and Kaal, Initial Reflections on an Evolving Standard Constraints on Risk Taking by Directors and Officers in (2010). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1558614",
   "datePublished": "2010",
   "claim_type": "design",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "German derivative suits under section 148(1) AktG as amended by the UMAG",
    "partly counterbalanced by VorstAG liability and compensation reduction provisions"
   ],
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   "status": "current"
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  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2317580-026",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2317580-026",
   "text": "Because CIAs combine contractual and public enforcement, with the OIG enforcing them and private rights of action also available, they are more than contractual arrangements, and a breach of a CIA may be treated like a breach of law for purposes of the duty of care.",
   "abstract": "Because of the combination of enforcement mechanisms, CIAs are more than contractual arrangements. A breach of a CIA may be treated like a breach of law for purposes of the duty of care.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Elizabeth R. Malay, The Role of Corporate Integrity Agreements in the Expansion of Fiduciary Duties (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2317580",
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "CIAs enforceable by the OIG and, under Delaware law, by courts via derivative suit"
   ],
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   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2317580-031",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2317580-031",
   "text": "Courts treat companies that executed a CIA differently from other companies, and are increasingly recognizing the role of CIAs and their implications for directors' fiduciary duties.",
   "abstract": "Courts, however, treat companies that executed a CIA differently. Courts are increasingly recognizing the role of CIAs and their implications for directors' fiduciary duties.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Elizabeth R. Malay, The Role of Corporate Integrity Agreements in the Expansion of Fiduciary Duties (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2317580",
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "derivative litigation involving companies operating under a CIA"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "50973e1e820aef47a4e7ffdbdcb513d03f1845643fcf4fa5910e9528a0b7dac2",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'derivative-suits'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}