{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/determinism",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:determinism",
 "name": "Determinism",
 "termCode": "determinism",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/determinism.md",
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   "name": "status",
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  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 3
  },
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 1
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2025",
    "2025"
   ]
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   "name": "non_current_claims",
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  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5554218-019",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5554218-019",
   "text": "The code is law paradigm departs from existing legal systems in three linked ways: it shifts authority from sovereign institutions to technical protocols, replaces interpretive flexibility with deterministic enforcement, and substitutes technological neutrality for normative deliberation.",
   "abstract": "fundamentally contrasts with existing legal systems by shifting authority from sovereign institutions to technical protocols, replacing interpretive flexibility with deterministic enforcement, and substituting normative deliberation with technological neutrality.",
   "citation": "Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) Building the Legal Infrastructure for the Digital Era (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5554218",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "blockchain and smart contract architectures presented as self-sufficient regulation"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "55738b4035a91b70aa2ddaa127552fe4b373ec641afee2719fbdcabebdcbea44",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5554218-024",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5554218-024",
   "text": "The deterministic execution of smart contracts rigidly enforces coded terms and thereby incentivizes participants to exploit loopholes for immediate gain, because no mechanism exists to adapt the rules contextually.",
   "abstract": "Conversely, smart contracts' deterministic execution rigidly enforces coded terms, incentivizing participants to exploit loopholes for immediate gain, as there is no mechanism to adapt rules contextually.",
   "citation": "Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) Building the Legal Infrastructure for the Digital Era (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5554218",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "smart contracts without on chain amendment or human review mechanisms"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "55738b4035a91b70aa2ddaa127552fe4b373ec641afee2719fbdcabebdcbea44",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5554218-038",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5554218-038",
   "text": "Smart contracts should incorporate clauses that trigger human review in cases of ambiguity, which secures equitable outcomes analogous to judicial discretion and counters the rigidity of deterministic execution.",
   "abstract": "For instance, smart contracts can incorporate clauses that trigger human review in cases of ambiguity, ensuring equitable outcomes akin to judicial discretion.",
   "citation": "Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) Building the Legal Infrastructure for the Digital Era (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5554218",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "design",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "ambiguous coded terms",
    "circumstances not anticipated in the code"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "55738b4035a91b70aa2ddaa127552fe4b373ec641afee2719fbdcabebdcbea44",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'determinism'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}