{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/digital-currency",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:digital-currency",
 "name": "Digital currency",
 "termCode": "digital-currency",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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 "additionalProperty": [
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   "value": 2
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   "value": [
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808867-038",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3808867-038",
   "text": "Cash usage in the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Sweden, Finland, Canada, and France and other industrialized nations has fallen well below 50 percent of total transaction volume.",
   "abstract": "cash usage in the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Sweden, Finland, Canada, France, among other industrialized nations, has fallen well below 50% of total transaction volume.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, How Decentralized Systems Can Upgrade AI (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808867",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "industrialized nations at the beginning of the 2020s"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "eeccf6d0587bd278a96ce6ac8ec5003e26d161c245f6c94b4144d84f374802eb",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3808867-040",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3808867-040",
   "text": "The end of the technological life cycles of legacy payment systems in the early 2020s, together with emerging payment trends, requires central banks to intensify their examination of alternative payment systems.",
   "abstract": "The end of technological life cycles of legacy systems in the early 2020s and associated emerging trends in payment systems necessitate central banks' enhanced examination of alternative payment systems.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, How Decentralized Systems Can Upgrade AI (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3808867",
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "claim_type": "predictive",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "central banks and governments experimenting with digital and cryptocurrencies since 2015"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "eeccf6d0587bd278a96ce6ac8ec5003e26d161c245f6c94b4144d84f374802eb",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'digital-currency'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}