{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/digital-identity",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:digital-identity",
 "name": "Digital identity",
 "termCode": "digital-identity",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/digital-identity.md",
 "sha256": "a652c461ed9b3f976bae03b2d30c1535266b975a141acd1dd4a02186f1b13f61",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 2
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2018",
    "2025"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3227933-012",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3227933-012",
   "text": "The only condition for hosting a copy of the blockchain and participating in the network is a smartphone or Internet connection, which is why the technology can extend financial inclusion to those traditionally excluded from financial services.",
   "abstract": "The only condition is that they have a smartphone or Internet connection. Everybody with a smartphone can create a real digital ID and interact with other people in the blockchain network.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, Why 'Blockchain' Will Disrupt Corporate Organizations (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3227933",
   "datePublished": "2018",
   "claim_type": "condition",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "requires a smartphone or Internet connection"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "a9e9660c4dc25a2202f1da4e762f5885256e05f68c53ca51942f5833a7a4c108",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5886342-011",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5886342-011",
   "text": "Identity under the Codex is not limited to persons: it is the unique existence of a subject, of a digital or physical object, of data or of a programme, expressly including AI systems, so machine agents can hold an identity within the framework.",
   "abstract": "ital and physical object, data, or programme includ- ing but not limited to AI-Systems.",
   "citation": "Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, Stephan D. Meyer, Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5886342",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "definitional",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "dc456a1ce2ea4a356dbcb35dc900ec36be94b8c9b6da4a2c8c268d6301f66359",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'digital-identity'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}