# Digital identity

`kaal:entity:digital-identity`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 2 claims that carry the concept tag `digital-identity`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

2 claims across 2 works, 2018 to 2025.

**2018**

- [3227933-012](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3227933-012) [condition/argued] -- The only condition for hosting a copy of the blockchain and participating in the network is a smartphone or Internet connection, which is why the technology can extend financial inclusion to those traditionally excluded from financial services.
  > The only condition is that they have a smartphone or Internet connection. Everybody with a smartphone can create a real digital ID and interact with other people in the blockchain network.
  Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, Why 'Blockchain' Will Disrupt Corporate Organizations (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3227933

**2025**

- [5886342-011](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5886342-011) [definitional/asserted] -- Identity under the Codex is not limited to persons: it is the unique existence of a subject, of a digital or physical object, of data or of a programme, expressly including AI systems, so machine agents can hold an identity within the framework.
  > ital and physical object, data, or programme includ- ing but not limited to AI-Systems.
  Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, Stephan D. Meyer, Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5886342

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/digital-identity.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.