{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/digital-property",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:digital-property",
 "name": "Digital property",
 "termCode": "digital-property",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/digital-property.md",
 "sha256": "ea9f2b8fa89df80341876d232814a8ef1da39605f887575abd794424abdde858",
 "additionalProperty": [
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 5
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 1
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2025",
    "2025"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5886342-015",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5886342-015",
   "text": "The Codex treats a Digital Object as rival digital information that carries an identity, which is the move that makes property style ownership rules coherent for digital assets, since rivalry means control by one identity excludes or impairs control by another.",
   "abstract": "(1) A Digital Object is a rival Digital Information",
   "citation": "Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, Stephan D. Meyer, Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5886342",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "definitional",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "digital information that is rival, that is, exclusive in its control"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "dc456a1ce2ea4a356dbcb35dc900ec36be94b8c9b6da4a2c8c268d6301f66359",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5886342-016",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5886342-016",
   "text": "Digital ownership under the Codex is control dependent: it requires direct or indirect control over the digital object, so ownership without any technical control is not recognised.",
   "abstract": "(3) Digital Ownership requires direct or indirect Control over the Digital Object.",
   "citation": "Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, Stephan D. Meyer, Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5886342",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "condition",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "dc456a1ce2ea4a356dbcb35dc900ec36be94b8c9b6da4a2c8c268d6301f66359",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5886342-017",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5886342-017",
   "text": "Digital control is defined as the actual technical possibility of an identity to exercise full power over a digital object, so the legal category tracks technical capability rather than formal title.",
   "abstract": "(1) Digital Control is the actual technical possibility",
   "citation": "Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, Stephan D. Meyer, Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5886342",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "definitional",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "dc456a1ce2ea4a356dbcb35dc900ec36be94b8c9b6da4a2c8c268d6301f66359",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5886342-018",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5886342-018",
   "text": "First ownership of a digital object arises from a factual event rather than from registration or grant: it is established once the first legal identity acquires digital control of that object.",
   "abstract": "The first digital ownership on a Digital Object is es- tablished once the first Legal Identity acquires Digi-",
   "citation": "Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, Stephan D. Meyer, Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5886342",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "dc456a1ce2ea4a356dbcb35dc900ec36be94b8c9b6da4a2c8c268d6301f66359",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5886342-019",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:5886342-019",
   "text": "A good faith acquirer of a digital object from an unauthorized transferor obtains protected digital ownership, but is obliged for five years after the transfer to retransfer that ownership to the initial owner against compensation of the purchase price or value.",
   "abstract": "transfer, be obliged to retransfer Digital Ownership",
   "citation": "Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, Stephan D. Meyer, Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5886342",
   "datePublished": "2025",
   "claim_type": "design",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "transferor was not authorized or was not the digital owner",
    "transferee received the object in good faith",
    "obligation lasts five years after the transfer"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "dc456a1ce2ea4a356dbcb35dc900ec36be94b8c9b6da4a2c8c268d6301f66359",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "5 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'digital-property'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}