{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/digital-signatures",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:digital-signatures",
 "name": "Digital signatures",
 "termCode": "digital-signatures",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
 "canonicalForm": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/digital-signatures.md",
 "sha256": "db8ce1eefb0918d7cbdef05565c88d3d11dca707b7b317e86921d46ba89e324f",
 "additionalProperty": [
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   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
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   "value": 3
  },
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   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 3
  },
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2017",
    "2019"
   ]
  },
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   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2939127-016",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2939127-016",
   "text": "It is the completely decentralized network connectivity of the blockchain via the Internet, more than the use of digital signatures to establish party identity and authenticity, that provides the strongest protection against fraud.",
   "abstract": "While blockchain's use of digital signatures helps establish the identity and authenticity of the parties involved in the transaction, it is the completely decentralized network connectivity via the Internet that allows the most protection against fraud.",
   "citation": "Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, Legal Education in the Blockchain Revolution (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2939127",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "fully decentralized, internet connected blockchain networks"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "abcef529c7200261c59eec43018375b3b26e3186239fb9d002bacc298dba26ff",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2959730-017",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2959730-017",
   "text": "Blockchain removes fraudulent transactions primarily through completely decentralized network connectivity via the Internet, rather than through digital signatures alone, which only establish the identity and authenticity of the parties.",
   "abstract": "While blockchain's use of digital signatures helps establish the identity and authenticity of the parties involved in the transaction, it is the completely decentralized network connectivity via the Internet that allows the most protection against fraud.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Applications and Fee Structure Developments in Private Investment Funds (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2959730",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "decentralized peer to peer networks with Internet connectivity"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "ebd86972d8817b0c1c80326ae5564476983cedba3f258ff3b2610f156b93fb50",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3373393-022",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3373393-022",
   "text": "It is decentralized network connectivity via the Internet, rather than blockchain's use of digital signatures, that provides the most protection against fraud, because multiple copies of the blockchain are available to all participants across the distributed network.",
   "abstract": "blockchain's use of digital signatures helps establish the identity and authenticity of the parties involved in the transaction, it is the completely decentralized network connectivity via the Internet that allows the most protection against fraud.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Solutions for Agency Problems in Corporate Governance (2019). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3373393",
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "fully distributed, decentralized networks"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "4d1424b9ba9aff8a61bc7a0dddd02cded93785e5843685dde76c07dcdb23961e",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'digital-signatures'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}