{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/diplomacy",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:diplomacy",
 "name": "Diplomacy",
 "termCode": "diplomacy",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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   "value": 2
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   "value": [
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1664809-035",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:1664809-035",
   "text": "Section 7216 could be one more impediment to good diplomatic relations if the United States is perceived as establishing its courts as international courts in securities matters with universal jurisdiction.",
   "abstract": "7216 could be one more impediment to good diplomatic relations if the United States is perceived as establishing its courts as inter- national courts in securities matters with universal jurisdiction.",
   "citation": "Richard W. Painter, Wulf A. Kaal, Extraterritorial Application of US Securities Law – Will the US Become the Default Jurisdiction for (2010). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1664809",
   "datePublished": "2010",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "perception by European governments of US judicial overreach"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "2d5c8c30f969f8eb613bfa1fe6888a7cfa1a452e1027bcda0489618ceac62c20",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1664809-036",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:1664809-036",
   "text": "Exporting and imposing rules through extraterritorial reach could be counterproductive not only for US diplomacy but also for international cooperation in combating securities fraud, whereas cooperative mutual adjustment between the US and the EU is the better course.",
   "abstract": "Exporting and imposing rules through extraterritorial reach, on the other hand, could be counterproductive not only for US diplomacy but also for international cooperation in combating",
   "citation": "Richard W. Painter, Wulf A. Kaal, Extraterritorial Application of US Securities Law – Will the US Become the Default Jurisdiction for (2010). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1664809",
   "datePublished": "2010",
   "claim_type": "design",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "cross-border securities fraud enforcement"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "2d5c8c30f969f8eb613bfa1fe6888a7cfa1a452e1027bcda0489618ceac62c20",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'diplomacy'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}