# Disruption `kaal:entity:disruption` **Status.** derived This node is assembled mechanically from the 13 claims that carry the concept tag `disruption`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself. ## Every claim under this term 13 claims across 10 works, 2017 to 2024. **2017** - [2922176-034](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2922176-034) [predictive/argued] -- Critics who dismiss artificial intelligence on boards as science fiction not worth engaging are wrong: AI on boards is a real prospect, and technologies such as blockchain-based smart contracts will both disrupt corporate governance and supply solutions to it. > Critics who argue that it is pointless to concern oneself with future science-fiction-type prospects are wrong. Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P. M. Vermeulen, The ‘Unmediated’ and ‘Tech-Driven’ Corporate Governance of Today's Winning Companies (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2922176 - [2998033-032](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2998033-032) [mechanism/argued] -- Blockchain enables managers to charge per transaction fees, and that capability undermines the existing two and twenty fee model. > Blockchain technology enables managers to charge per- transaction fees which undermines the existing 2/20 fee model. Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Innovation for Private Investment Funds (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2998033 - [3002908-031](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3002908-031) [predictive/speculative] *(failure mode)* -- Because American funds lean on smart contracting, they have a better opportunity to launch disruptive blockchain implementations, but they may also experience a higher rate of failure from greater exposure to technological risk. > This may imply that American private investment funds will have a better opportunity to launch future disruptive implementations of blockchain technology, while at the same time they may experience a higher rate of failure, due to a greater exposure to technological risks. Wulf A. Kaal, Marco Dell'Erba, Blockchain Innovation in Private Investment Funds - A Comparative Analysis of the United States and (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3002908 - [3067615-013](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3067615-013) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- The disruption of venture capital by ICOs is in part self-inflicted: venture capital funds continuously invested in innovation while insufficiently innovating their own business model, leaving them exposed to a more efficient financing tool. > The disruptive effect of ICOs on the venture capital industry is in part the result of the venture capital fund lacking innovation. Paradoxically, venture capital funds continuously invested in innovation, while insufficiently innovating themselves.33 Wulf A. Kaal, Marco Dell'Erba, Initial Coin Offerings Emerging Practices, Risk Factors, and Red Flags (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3067615 - [3067615-017](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3067615-017) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Given the advantages of ICOs, traditional regulated IPOs and venture capital funds increasingly fail to adequately capitalize crypto and legacy ventures driven by new economic paradigms. > Given these ICO advantages, traditional regulated IPOs and venture capital funds increasingly fail to adequately capitalize crypto and legacy ventures driven by new economic paradigms. Wulf A. Kaal, Marco Dell'Erba, Initial Coin Offerings Emerging Practices, Risk Factors, and Red Flags (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3067615 - [3071378-007](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3071378-007) [predictive/speculative] -- Ledger-keeping legal services such as notary and registry services, legal motions practice in court, and legal title companies are likely to be among the first services to disappear. > Forms of keeping legal ledgers such as notary and registry services, legal motions practice in court, legal title companies, among several others, may be among the first services to disappear in the not too distant future. Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Technology and Race in Corporate America (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3071378 **2018** - [3227933-005](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3227933-005) [predictive/argued] -- The paper's central claims are that digital technologies have already disrupted centralized corporate organizations by enabling platforms, that this disruption will continue as blockchain based technologies proliferate, and that regulators must attend to these changes. > The central claims of the paper are (i) digital technologies have already disrupted centralized, hierarchical corporate organizations by facilitating "platforms;" (ii) this process of disruption will only continue as new blockchain-based technologies proliferate; Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, Why 'Blockchain' Will Disrupt Corporate Organizations (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3227933 - [3227933-011](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3227933-011) [mechanism/argued] -- It is the decentralized character of the blockchain, that is the distribution of the ledger to countless nodes in peer-to-peer networks, rather than any other feature, that makes the technology potentially disruptive. > It is the decentralized character of the blockchain that makes it so potentially disruptive. Mark Fenwick, Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, Why 'Blockchain' Will Disrupt Corporate Organizations (2018). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3227933 **2019** - [3409548-033](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3409548-033) [mechanism/argued] -- The legacy private investment fund model delays liquidity: the investment process is long, complex and time intensive and leads up to a very late liquidity event in the form of an IPO or acquisition, which is why funds seek the early liquidity cryptocurrencies provide. > In the existing legacy business for private investment funds, the investment process is subject to long, complex, and time intensive processes leading up to a very late liquidity event in the form of an IPO or acquisition. Kaal, Financial Technology and Hedge Funds (2019). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3409548 - [3409548-034](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3409548-034) [empirical/evidenced] -- Cryptocurrencies created by blockchain start-ups generate investment returns that legacy investments cannot match. > Cryptocurrencies created by blockchain start-ups generate investment returns that cannot be matched by legacy investments. Kaal, Financial Technology and Hedge Funds (2019). SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3409548 **2021** - [3782198-009](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782198-009) [condition/argued] -- The sharing economy requires a reframing of legacy legal regimes, because the legal frameworks regulating disrupted and adjacent industries are often incompatible with the trends the sharing economy generates. > The sharing economy necessitates a reframing of legacy legal regimes and frame- works. The legal frameworks that regulate disrupted and associated industries are of- ten incompatible with the emerging trends generated by the sharing economy. Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, Contemporary Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782198 - [3782217-017](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3782217-017) [mechanism/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Centralized civic institutions always become corrupt over time, and that corruption becomes obvious only once a new technology disrupts their operation and reveals their weaknesses. > Centralized civic institutions always become corrupt in time. Then this corruption becomes obvious once a new technology disrupts their operation, revealing their weaknesses. Craig Calcaterra, Wulf A. Kaal, The Importance of History In Decentralization (2021). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3782217 **2024** - [4900878-017](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/4900878-017) [mechanism/argued] -- Quantum economics is inherently disruptive because it rests on a completely different logic from classical economics, and that disruptiveness is what provokes resistance and defensiveness from mainstream economists who see it as a threat to established theories. > Quantum economics is inherently disruptive because it is based on a completely different logic from classical economics. Wulf A. Kaal, Quantum Economy and Tokenomics (2024). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4900878 ## Verify Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust. curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/disruption.md | sha256sum **Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.