# Distressed debt

`kaal:entity:distressed-debt`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 5 claims that carry the concept tag `distressed-debt`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

5 claims across 2 works, 2013 to 2017.

**2013**

- [2348463-003](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2348463-003) [empirical/evidenced] -- Hedge funds' distressed and default debt investments in the United States grew dramatically over two decades, rising from roughly $70 billion in 1998 to roughly $867 billion in 2007.
  > distressed and default debt investments in the United States have increased dramatically in the last two decades (from around $70 billion in 1998 to around $867 billion in 2007).
  Wulf A. Kaal, Hedge Funds’ Systemic Risk Disclosures in Bankruptcy (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2348463
- [2348463-004](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2348463-004) [empirical/evidenced] -- The proliferation of distressed-focused hedge funds gave hedge funds roughly one quarter of the total distressed-debt market and made the distressed-focused approach the fifth-largest hedge fund strategy.
  > The proliferation of distressed-focused hedge funds resulted in hedge funds' market share of around one quarter of the total distressed-debt market 3 and established the distressed-focused strategy as the fifth-largest hedge fund strategy.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Hedge Funds’ Systemic Risk Disclosures in Bankruptcy (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2348463
- [2348463-006](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2348463-006) [predictive/argued] -- The threat of systemic risk disclosure, combined with rising competition in the distressed-debt market, could further incentivize hedge fund managers to cooperate in the bankruptcy process.
  > The threat of disclosure of systemic risk filings in combination with increasing competition in the distressed-debt market could further incentivize hedge fund manager cooperation in the bankruptcy process.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Hedge Funds’ Systemic Risk Disclosures in Bankruptcy (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2348463

**2017**

- [2998097-026](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2998097-026) [mechanism/argued] -- The mere threat that hedge funds' Form PF systemic risk filings could become public, or be shared between the SEC and the federal bankruptcy bench, could impose some discipline on distressed debt investors' conduct in the bankruptcy process.
  > The mere threat of public access or sharing of hedge funds' systemic risk data filings in Form PF filings between the SEC and the federal bankruptcy bench could help facilitate some level of discipline for distressed debt investors' engagements in the bankruptcy process.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Private Investment Fund Regulation - Theory and Empirical Evidence from 1998 to 2016 (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2998097
- [2998097-027](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2998097-027) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- The threat of public disclosure of systemic risk filings through the bankruptcy process only marginally affected hedge funds' tactics and their role in distressed investing, because disclosure obligations under the Dodd-Frank Act remained generic and unstandardized.
  > The paper highlighted that the threat of public disclosure of systemic risk filings by hedge funds via the bankruptcy process only marginally affected hedge funds' tactics and their role in distressed investing.154 Hedge funds' disclosure obligations under
  Wulf A. Kaal, Private Investment Fund Regulation - Theory and Empirical Evidence from 1998 to 2016 (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2998097

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/distressed-debt.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.