# Doj enforcement

`kaal:entity:doj-enforcement`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 4 claims that carry the concept tag `doj-enforcement`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

4 claims across 1 works, 2015 to 2015.

**2015**

- [2629451-001](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2629451-001) [empirical/evidenced] -- Stock prices respond significantly and predictably in a positive direction to the DOJ press release announcing execution of a non- or deferred prosecution agreement and to the start of the N/DPA term.
  > We document a significant and predictable positive stock price response to the DOJ press release and the start of the N/DPA term.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Timothy Lacine, Stock Price Response to Non- and Deferred Prosecution Agreements (2015). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2629451
- [2629451-008](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2629451-008) [mechanism/argued] -- Because N/DPAs are contractual arrangements between corporations and the Department of Justice that remedy identified governance shortcomings, it is the DOJ, rather than Congress or the courts, that is changing U.S. corporate governance practice.
  > As contractual arrangements between a corporation and the Department of Justice (DOJ), intended to remedy identified governance shortcomings, the DOJ – not Congress or the Courts - is changing governance practices in the United States (Garrett 2014, Kaal and Lacine 2014).
  Wulf A. Kaal, Timothy Lacine, Stock Price Response to Non- and Deferred Prosecution Agreements (2015). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2629451
- [2629451-033](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2629451-033) [normative/argued] -- Because the market reacts positively both to N/DPA announcements and to the governance improvements taking effect, the DOJ's escalation of N/DPA executions beginning in 2002 could be justified on market value grounds.
  > The positive market reaction to announcements of N/DPAs and to N/DPA governance improvements at the beginning of the N/DPA term suggest that the DOJ's increase in N/DPA executions, starting in 2002, could be justified.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Timothy Lacine, Stock Price Response to Non- and Deferred Prosecution Agreements (2015). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2629451
- [2629451-038](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2629451-038) [predictive/argued] -- The observed growth in N/DPA execution, especially since 2002, indicates that N/DPAs will continue to shape major U.S. corporations across a range of industries.
  > The trends observed suggest that N/DPAs will continue to play a role in major U.S. corporations in a variety of industries.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Timothy Lacine, Stock Price Response to Non- and Deferred Prosecution Agreements (2015). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2629451

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/doj-enforcement.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.