# Dual trigger

`kaal:entity:dual-trigger`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 2 claims that carry the concept tag `dual-trigger`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

2 claims across 2 works, 2011 to 2012.

**2011**

- [1908473-023](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1908473-023) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- A dual trigger that relies on a financial institution index gains from its use of market prices but is vulnerable to index manipulation and to bondholders attempting to force the institution into bankruptcy.
  > Although the strength of this proposal is its reliance on market prices, a disadvantage could be the index trigger, which could result in index manipulation or an attempt to force the entity into bankruptcy.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Christoph Henkel, Contingent Capital with Sequential Triggers (2011). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1908473

**2012**

- [2061166-033](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2061166-033) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Dual trigger proposals draw their central strength from reliance on market prices, but the index leg is a major disadvantage because it can create incentives to manipulate the index or to force an entity into bankruptcy before conversion occurs.
  > A central strength of the dual trigger proposals is their reliance on market prices. A major disadvantage is the index trigger, which could potentially create incentives to manipulate the index or to try to force an entity into bankruptcy.
  Christoph K. Henkel, Wulf A. Kaal, Contingent Capital in European Union Bank Restructuring (2012). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2061166

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/dual-trigger.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.