# Due process

`kaal:entity:due-process`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 3 claims that carry the concept tag `due-process`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

3 claims across 3 works, 2013 to 2025.

**2013**

- [2348463-032](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2348463-032) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Restricting Form PF data to the eyes of the bankruptcy judge alone would create problems in the litigation process, because opposing parties may demand access to the same information.
  > However, making creditors' Form PF data available for the eyes of the judge only could raise issues in the litigation process because parties may demand access to the same information.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Hedge Funds’ Systemic Risk Disclosures in Bankruptcy (2013). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2348463

**2025**

- [5541658-014](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5541658-014) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- The opacity of black box AI systems can undermine procedural fairness as a legal matter, because parties hold a right to understand the basis of the judicial decisions that affect them.
  > Legally, the opacity of AI systems could undermine procedural fairness, as parties have a right to understand the basis of judicial decisions.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Morgan A. Gray, The Evolving Role of Artificial Intelligence in Law (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5541658
- [5554218-016](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/5554218-016) [failure/asserted] *(failure mode)* -- Neither online dispute resolution nor decentralized dispute resolution complies with the minimum due process requirements defined and acknowledged in the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, which is ratified and enforced in 172 states.
  > It is important to note that neither ODR nor DDR comply with the minimal requirements of due process as defined and acknowledged in the United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards,47 which is ratified and enforced in 172 States.
  Furrer Andreas, Wulf A. Kaal, Universal Digital Law Codex (UDLC) Building the Legal Infrastructure for the Digital Era (2025). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5554218

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/due-process.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.