{
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 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/duration-limits",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:duration-limits",
 "name": "Duration limits",
 "termCode": "duration-limits",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
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 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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   "value": [
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3017612-005",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3017612-005",
   "text": "Under MBCA Section 7.32 the ten year duration limit is only a default rule, unlike the corresponding limit for voting trusts, so parties who specify a longer term are permitted to have it.",
   "abstract": "The section specifies a 10 year limit, a similar period to voting trusts, but unlike voting trusts, this period is just a default rule, so that if the parties specify a longer period it is permitted.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Shareholder Agreements - National Report of the United States of America (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3017612",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "definitional",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "agreements formed under MBCA Section 7.32"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "33821db406f92efbe1698fbaed37687595c13b7ce5463b4a879df679fd4af1ac",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/3017612-006",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:3017612-006",
   "text": "Duration ceilings contained in voting trust statutes do not carry over to other types of shareholder agreements, and courts have repeatedly sustained shareholder agreements intended to run indefinitely.",
   "abstract": "Duration limitations in the voting trust statutes do not apply to other types of shareholders' agreements.15 Numerous decisions have sustained shareholders' agreements which were to remain in effect indefinitely.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Shareholder Agreements - National Report of the United States of America (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3017612",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "condition",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "agreements other than voting trusts"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "33821db406f92efbe1698fbaed37687595c13b7ce5463b4a879df679fd4af1ac",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'duration-limits'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}