# Empirical methods

`kaal:entity:empirical-methods`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 4 claims that carry the concept tag `empirical-methods`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

4 claims across 2 works, 2014 to 2016.

**2014**

- [2447306-007](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2447306-007) [failure/evidenced] *(failure mode)* -- Enlarging the sample does not cure selection bias in non-statistical sampling: a bigger sample neither compensates for the bias of non-statistical techniques nor guarantees that the sample is representative.
  > Increasing the sample size does not necessarily compensate for the potential selection bias of non-statistical techniques or guarantee the representativeness of the sample.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Private Fund Disclosures Under the Dodd-Frank Act (2014). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2447306
- [2447306-008](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2447306-008) [condition/argued] -- Further randomization of the sample was not available as a remedy, because respondents drawn from outside the private fund adviser population would never have been exposed to the new disclosure requirements and so could say nothing about them.
  > It would not have been feasible to further randomize the sample by including respondents from outside of the private fund industry or respondents other than private fund advisers because those non-adviser respondents would not have been exposed to the new disclosure requirements.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Private Fund Disclosures Under the Dodd-Frank Act (2014). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2447306
- [2447306-009](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2447306-009) [empirical/evidenced] -- The near identity between respondents who reported completing Sections 2 through 5 of Form PF and respondents who reported quarterly filing shows the answers are internally consistent, which the author treats as evidence that the survey responses carry above average reliability.
  > The comparison of Questions 2 and 3 thus illustrates that the responses to both questions are internally consistent. The internal consistency of these responses suggests that the survey responses have an above average reliability.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Private Fund Disclosures Under the Dodd-Frank Act (2014). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2447306

**2016**

- [2808132-038](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2808132-038) [empirical/evidenced] -- The study's evidence base is a PitchBook dataset of 77,508 United States venture capital deals involving 37,298 companies from 2005 through 2015, covering all venture capital deals and all venture capital stages.
  > innovation trends, we use a PitchBook Data, Inc. dataset on venture capital deals in the United States. The dataset comprises 77,508 deals involving 37,298 companies from 2005 through 2015. It includes all VC deals and all VC stages.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, How to Regulate Disruptive Innovation - From Facts to Data (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2808132

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/empirical-methods.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.