{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/endpat",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:endpat",
 "name": "Endpat",
 "termCode": "endpat",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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 "sha256": "c9bc8a8d0edcf5bdee7945da403ba0f603b019fcea29048770a9e57faec7da94",
 "additionalProperty": [
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "status",
   "value": "derived"
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "claim_count",
   "value": 3
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "work_count",
   "value": 1
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2015",
    "2015"
   ]
  },
  {
   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "non_current_claims",
   "value": 0
  }
 ],
 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2629451-023",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2629451-023",
   "text": "The sign of the market reaction reverses at the end of the N/DPA term: where the announcement and the start of the term produce positive CARs, the end of the term produces negative CARs at day zero and from day one through day fifteen.",
   "abstract": "Unlike ANDPAE and BNDPAT that show positive CARs for N/DPA firms, at ENDPAT N/DPA firms show negative CARs at t=0 and from t=1 to t=15.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Timothy Lacine, Stock Price Response to Non- and Deferred Prosecution Agreements (2015). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2629451",
   "datePublished": "2015",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "59 firm ENDPAT sample excluding terms ending on non-trading days",
    "1993 to 2015"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "507404d641abb922ab6d8e3a0b032e35ead2befd7b88746d09d178a8fa816957",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2629451-024",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2629451-024",
   "text": "Negative returns after the end of the N/DPA term are evidence that investors regard the expiration of the term, and the consequent unenforceability of the associated governance improvements, as bad news for the firm.",
   "abstract": "We interpret the negative N/DPA firms' CARs from t=1 to t=15 in Figures 4 and 4a as evidence that investors see the expiration of the N/DPA term and the expiration and following unenforceability of associated governance improvements as a negative event for the respective entity.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Timothy Lacine, Stock Price Response to Non- and Deferred Prosecution Agreements (2015). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2629451",
   "datePublished": "2015",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "days t=1 to t=15 after ENDPAT"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "507404d641abb922ab6d8e3a0b032e35ead2befd7b88746d09d178a8fa816957",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2629451-028",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2629451-028",
   "text": "The negative market reaction at the end of the N/DPA term is the market acknowledging that suboptimal governance practices are likely to resume once the term expires.",
   "abstract": "In turn, we interpret the negative market reaction at ENDPAT in Figures 4 and 4a as the market's acknowledgment that post N/DPA term expiration suboptimal governance practices are likely to continue",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Timothy Lacine, Stock Price Response to Non- and Deferred Prosecution Agreements (2015). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2629451",
   "datePublished": "2015",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "post-expiration windows in Figures 4 and 4a"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "507404d641abb922ab6d8e3a0b032e35ead2befd7b88746d09d178a8fa816957",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "3 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'endpat'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}