# European companies

`kaal:entity:european-companies`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 4 claims that carry the concept tag `european-companies`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

4 claims across 1 works, 2010 to 2010.

**2010**

- [1664809-021](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1664809-021) [condition/argued] -- A European company retains some ability to avoid the Sarbanes-Oxley Act by declining to list its securities in the United States, an escape route that expansive extraterritorial securities litigation would close.
  > A European company, however, has some ability to avoid the Sarbanes-Oxley Act if it avoids listing its securities in the
  Richard W. Painter, Wulf A. Kaal, Extraterritorial Application of US Securities Law – Will the US Become the Default Jurisdiction for (2010). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1664809
- [1664809-022](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1664809-022) [mechanism/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Overlapping regulation and inconsistent legal rules create uncertainty, so that individual board members of European companies and their attorneys will not know which legal rules apply or what effects those rules may have.
  > Overlapping regulation and inconsistent legal rules create uncer-
  Richard W. Painter, Wulf A. Kaal, Extraterritorial Application of US Securities Law – Will the US Become the Default Jurisdiction for (2010). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1664809
- [1664809-025](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1664809-025) [predictive/argued] -- Enactment of section 7216 could make foreign cubed cases an integral part of the legal landscape in the United States and hence in Europe, ending the current situation in which most European companies are unaware of or unconcerned with that risk.
  > make foreign cubed cases an integral part of the legal landscape
  Richard W. Painter, Wulf A. Kaal, Extraterritorial Application of US Securities Law – Will the US Become the Default Jurisdiction for (2010). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1664809
- [1664809-038](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/1664809-038) [normative/asserted] -- European boards of directors and company lawyers should follow the Morrison decision and the section 7216 legislative process closely, prepare for the resulting changes, and ask Congress to reconsider section 7216.
  > European Boards of Directors and company lawyers should fol- low upcoming events closely and prepare themselves for these impending changes. They should also ask Congress to reconsider
  Richard W. Painter, Wulf A. Kaal, Extraterritorial Application of US Securities Law – Will the US Become the Default Jurisdiction for (2010). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1664809

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/european-companies.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.