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 "name": "Ex post rulemaking",
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 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2808132-002",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2808132-002",
   "text": "Ex post facts-based, trial-and-error rulemaking combined with stable and presumptively optimal rules often produces suboptimal regulatory outcomes, and those outcomes are no longer sustainable in an environment of exponential disruptive innovation.",
   "abstract": "of these. The ex-post facts-based and trial-and-error-rulemaking with stable and presumptively optimal rules7 in the existing regulatory framework8 often produces suboptimal regulatory outcomes that are no longer sustainable in an environment of",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, How to Regulate Disruptive Innovation - From Facts to Data (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2808132",
   "datePublished": "2016",
   "claim_type": "failure",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": true,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "existing regulatory framework relying on stable and presumptively optimal rules",
    "environment of exponential disruptive innovation"
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   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2808132-016",
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   "text": "The ex post facts-based approach to rulemaking worked historically because the optimal requirements for rules only become clear once stable and presumptively optimal rules have already emerged as suboptimal; the availability of that information is therefore a prerequisite for rulemaking.",
   "abstract": "change. The ex-post facts-based approach to rulemaking has functioned in the existing regulatory framework because optimal requirements for rules do become clear when stable and presumptively optimal rules emerge as suboptimal. A prerequisite for",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, How to Regulate Disruptive Innovation - From Facts to Data (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2808132",
   "datePublished": "2016",
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   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2808132-017",
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   "text": "Because facts-based rulemaking does not anticipate the regulatory issues created by innovation, rulemakers may realize far too late, or never, what new regulatory demands a given innovation generates.",
   "abstract": "facts-based rulemaking did not anticipate regulatory issues created by innovation, rulemakers may not at all or much too late realize what new regulatory demands apply to a given innovation and associated regulatory issue.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, How to Regulate Disruptive Innovation - From Facts to Data (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2808132",
   "datePublished": "2016",
   "claim_type": "failure",
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   "scope_conditions": [
    "age of exponential innovation",
    "purely reactive facts-based rulemaking"
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   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2808132-024",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2808132-024",
   "text": "Because it lacks anticipatory capabilities, the existing regulatory system only addresses regulatory issues ex post, and then only if core constituents are burdened enough to generate sufficient political pressure for lawmakers to act.",
   "abstract": "associated with disruptive innovation. Because it lacks anticipatory rulemaking capabilities, the existing regulatory system addresses regulatory issues only ex-post, if and when they materialize and if core constituents are sufficiently burdened to precipitate",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Erik P.M. Vermeulen, How to Regulate Disruptive Innovation - From Facts to Data (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2808132",
   "datePublished": "2016",
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 "description": "4 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'ex-post-rulemaking'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
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