{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/fee-negotiation",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:fee-negotiation",
 "name": "Fee negotiation",
 "termCode": "fee-negotiation",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
  "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/index.json"
 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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 "sha256": "342e96a52d66fec5b0b40f7534fdfa88ba5c5c2767c99540abc9b53c90ebe9c5",
 "additionalProperty": [
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   "value": "derived"
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   "value": 2
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   "value": [
    "2017",
    "2017"
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2959730-008",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2959730-008",
   "text": "Early limited partnership investors increasingly use their leverage to negotiate tough fee terms with first time managers.",
   "abstract": "Another phenomenon that affects first-time managers pertains to early limited partnership investors who increasingly throw their weight around to negotiate tough terms on fees.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Applications and Fee Structure Developments in Private Investment Funds (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2959730",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "asserted",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "first time managers raising an initial fund"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "ebd86972d8817b0c1c80326ae5564476983cedba3f258ff3b2610f156b93fb50",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2959730-013",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2959730-013",
   "text": "The new fee structure also results from fund managers foregoing market rate management fees, larger investors requiring reduced management fees as a condition of investing, and side-by-side co-investment vehicles charging less than 2% management fees.",
   "abstract": "The new fee structure is also the result of fund managers foregoing market rate management fees, larger investors requiring reduced management fees to induce investment, side-by-side vehicles attracting investors in the co-investment entities by charging less than 2% management fees",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Applications and Fee Structure Developments in Private Investment Funds (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2959730",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "funds using side by side or co investment vehicles",
    "funds seeking large anchor investors"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "ebd86972d8817b0c1c80326ae5564476983cedba3f258ff3b2610f156b93fb50",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "2 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'fee-negotiation'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}