{
 "@context": "https://schema.org",
 "@type": "DefinedTerm",
 "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/fee-pressure",
 "identifier": "kaal:entity:fee-pressure",
 "name": "Fee pressure",
 "termCode": "fee-pressure",
 "inDefinedTermSet": {
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 },
 "author": {
  "@type": "Person",
  "name": "Wulf A. Kaal",
  "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-275X"
 },
 "dateModified": "2026-07-29",
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   "name": "status",
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   "value": 4
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   "value": 2
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   "@type": "PropertyValue",
   "name": "year_span",
   "value": [
    "2017",
    "2017"
   ]
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 "subjectOf": [
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2959730-009",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2959730-009",
   "text": "Market evidence of pressure on the fee structure includes investor withdrawals of $70.1 billion from the private investment fund industry in 2016 and 1,057 fund closures in 2016, exceeding the 1,023 liquidations in 2009 and approaching the record 1,471 closures in 2008.",
   "abstract": "Private fund investors withdrew $70.1 billion from the private investment fund industry in 2016.24 In 2016 a total of 1,057 private investment funds closed down, exceeding the 1,023 liquidations of private investment funds in 2009, and falling just shy of the record 1,471 closures in 2008.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Applications and Fee Structure Developments in Private Investment Funds (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2959730",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "calendar year 2016 compared with 2008 and 2009"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "ebd86972d8817b0c1c80326ae5564476983cedba3f258ff3b2610f156b93fb50",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2959730-036",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2959730-036",
   "text": "The combination of increased transparency, reduced costs, and competitive performance enabled by blockchain use may confer a competitive advantage that continues to exert pressure on fees charged by competitor funds.",
   "abstract": "The increased transparency, reduced costs, and competitive performance enabled by LendingRobot's use of blockchain technology may give it a competitive advantage in the private fund industry that could continue to exert pressure on fees charged by competitor funds.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Applications and Fee Structure Developments in Private Investment Funds (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2959730",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "predictive",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "blockchain enabled funds competing against traditional funds"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "ebd86972d8817b0c1c80326ae5564476983cedba3f258ff3b2610f156b93fb50",
   "status": "current"
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  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2959730-037",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2959730-037",
   "text": "Blockchain enabled platforms for setting up private investment funds exert significant pressure on the existing fee structure because they generate competitive gains through fewer cost and time barriers to setting up and running a fund.",
   "abstract": "Blockchain-enabled platforms for setting up a private investment fund cause significant pressure on the existing fee structure of the private investment fund industry.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Applications and Fee Structure Developments in Private Investment Funds (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2959730",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "mechanism",
   "confidence": "argued",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [
    "platform models such as Melonport or Drago",
    "fund formation and ongoing portfolio operation"
   ],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "ebd86972d8817b0c1c80326ae5564476983cedba3f258ff3b2610f156b93fb50",
   "status": "current"
  },
  {
   "@type": "Claim",
   "@id": "https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2998033-028",
   "identifier": "kaal:claim:2998033-028",
   "text": "The private fund industry contracted sharply in 2016: a total of 1,057 private investment funds closed down, exceeding the 1,023 liquidations of 2009 and falling just short of the record 1,471 closures in 2008.",
   "abstract": "In 2016 a total of 1,057 private investment funds closed down, exceeding the 1,023 liquidations of private investment funds in 2009, and falling just shy of the record 1,471 closures in 2008.",
   "citation": "Wulf A. Kaal, Blockchain Innovation for Private Investment Funds (2017). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2998033",
   "datePublished": "2017",
   "claim_type": "empirical",
   "confidence": "evidenced",
   "is_failure_mode": false,
   "scope_conditions": [],
   "source_pdf_sha256": "aafb1be3c25cd33da477d759df9ca2f856f0a8fe133d6396da2e75d0af573dbd",
   "status": "current"
  }
 ],
 "description": "4 claims in the published works of Wulf A. Kaal carry the concept tag 'fee-pressure'. Derived node: a roster, not an adjudicated definition."
}