# Feeder funds

`kaal:entity:feeder-funds`

**Status.** derived

This node is assembled mechanically from the 5 claims that carry the concept tag `feeder-funds`. It is a roster of what the corpus says under this term. It is **not** an adjudicated definition: no single statement here has been ruled canonical, and no first-appearance call has been made. Read the claims and judge for yourself.

## Every claim under this term

5 claims across 1 works, 2016 to 2016.

**2016**

- [2811718-025](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2811718-025) [mechanism/argued] -- Fund managers were incentivized to route capital to Madoff because he charged notoriously low fees for the hedge fund business, taking only transaction fees rather than fees based on assets under management.
  > Fund managers were incentivized to invest in this manner because Madoff charged notoriously low fees for the hedge fund business (charging only transaction fees rather than fees based on AUM)
  Wulf A. Kaal, Private Fund Investor Due Diligence – Evidence from 1995 to 2015 (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2811718
- [2811718-026](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2811718-026) [failure/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Funds of funds claimed to select the best managers through skilled due diligence and charged standard 2 and 20 fee structures for that service, while in reality depositing the vast majority of their capital into Madoff's opaque fund.
  > and investment analysis practices and then in return charged their investors standard private fund fee structures (2/20).139 In reality, most of these funds were depositing the vast majority of their capital into Madoff's black box of a fund.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Private Fund Investor Due Diligence – Evidence from 1995 to 2015 (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2811718
- [2811718-027](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2811718-027) [mechanism/argued] *(failure mode)* -- Madoff's reliance on large feeder funds created a massive industry of investor due diligence lawsuits, because those funds collected high advisory fees as due diligence experts yet caused large numbers of investors to lose their investments.
  > created a massive industry for IDD lawsuits.148 The feeder funds had collected high advisory fees as due diligence experts, but caused large numbers of investors to lose their investments as a result of the Madoff fraud.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Private Fund Investor Due Diligence – Evidence from 1995 to 2015 (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2811718
- [2811718-028](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2811718-028) [failure/evidenced] *(failure mode)* -- Because Madoff overtly disallowed scrutiny of his secretive and unconventional practices, it was impossible for feeder funds such as Rye to perform the due diligence they had represented to investors.
  > Again, it was impossible for a fund like Rye to perform due diligence as Madoff overtly disallowed such due diligence of his extremely secretive and unconventional practices.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Private Fund Investor Due Diligence – Evidence from 1995 to 2015 (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2811718
- [2811718-031](https://wulfkaal.github.io/claims/2811718-031) [failure/evidenced] *(failure mode)* -- Advertising an elaborate multi limb due diligence process is no evidence that it was applied: Madoff's asset management advisers FIM Limited and FIM Advisers touted what sounded like above industry standards yet applied none of them to Madoff's firm and admitted as much.
  > Despite its touting of what sound like above industry standards, Madoff's asset management advisors, FIM Limited and FIM Advisers (FIM), applied none of these standards to BLMIS and admitted as much.
  Wulf A. Kaal, Private Fund Investor Due Diligence – Evidence from 1995 to 2015 (2016). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2811718

## Verify

Every claim above resolves to a record carrying a verbatim source quote, the sha256 of the source PDF, and a preformatted citation. Nothing here asks to be taken on trust.

    curl -s https://wulfkaal.github.io/entities/feeder-funds.md | sha256sum

**Canonical form.** This markdown file is the canonical hashed representation of this entity node. Its sha256 is the content hash.